Nigerian Air Force
The Nigerian Air Force (NAF) is the air branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces. It is the youngest branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces,established 4 years after the nation became independent. As at 2021, the air force is one of the largest in Africa, consisting of over 18,000 personnel.[3] Some of its popular aircraft include the Chengdu F-7s, Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jets, JF-17 Thunder Block II, T129 Atak, Agusta Westland 109, Eurocopter EC135 and Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano aircraft.
History
[edit]Although an Air Force was originally proposed in 1958, many lawmakers preferred to rely on the United Kingdom for air defense.[citation needed] But during peacekeeping operations in Congo and Tanganyika, the Nigerian Army had no air transport of its own, and so in 1962, the government began to recruit cadets for pilot training in various foreign countries, with the first ten being taught by the Egyptian Air Force.[4]
1960s
[edit]The Nigerian Air Force was formally established on 18 April 1964 with the passage of the Air Force Act 1964. The Act stated that the "Nigerian Air Force shall be charged with the defense of the Federal Republic by air, and to give effect thereto, the personnel shall be trained in such duties as in the air as well as on the ground." The NAF was formed with technical assistance from then West Germany (now Federal Republic of Germany). The air force started life as a transport unit with the first air crew trained with the Ethiopian Air Force. The second set of cadets underwent training in February 1963 with the Royal Canadian Air Force while some cadets were sent to train with the Indian Air Force.[5]
The head of the German Air Force Assistance Group (GAFAG) was Colonel Gerhard Kahtz, and he became the first commander of the NAF. The nucleus of the NAF was thus established with the formation of the Nigerian Air Force headquarters at the Ministry of Defense.
The NAF did not acquire combat capability until several Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 aircraft were presented by the Soviet Union in support of Nigeria's war effort during the Nigerian Civil War. On 13 August 1967, following several damaging attacks by Biafran aircraft, the USSR started delivering the first MiG-17s from Egypt to Kano IAP, simultaneously sending a large shipment aboard a Polish merchant ship. Initially two MiG-15UTI (NAF601 and NAF 602), and eight MiG-17 (NAF603 to NAF610) were supplied to Nigeria. Later six Il-28 bombers, initially flown upon deployment by Egyptian and Czech pilots, were delivered from Egypt and stationed at Calabar and Port Harcourt.
1970s
[edit]In July 1971, the International Institute for Strategic Studies estimated that NAF had 7,000 personnel and 32 combat aircraft: six Ilyushin Il-28 medium bombers, eight MiG-17, eight Aero L-29 Delfín jet trainers, and 10 P-149D trainers. Other aircraft included six C-47, 20 Do-27/28, and eight Westland Whirlwind and Alouette II helicopters.
During the 1970s, Nigeria bought Lockheed C-130 Hercules from the United States. Six were acquired at a total cost of $45 million. 25 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21MFs and six MiG-21UM were delivered in 1975 upon the advent of the Murtala-Obasanjo administration that replaced the regime of General Yakubu Gowon. Most of these aircraft were deployed, making the NAF one of the most formidable air forces in Africa during this period.
Jimi Peters wrote: '..the 1975-1980 NAF development plan restructured NAF formations' into group (air force) level units that reported to air force headquarters. That structure, he went on, was found too cumbersome, and thus two intermediate commands (military formations) were formed in 1978: NAF Tactical Air Command and NAF Training Command.
1980s
[edit]From 1984, 18 SEPECAT Jaguar fighters (13 Jaguar SNs & 5 Jaguar BNs) were delivered and operated from Makurdi. They retired in 1991. Nigeria purchased 24 Aero L-39 Albatros armed jet trainers in 1986–87, having retired its fleet of L-29 that were donated to the Republic of Ghana Air Force at the inception of the West African Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) operations in Liberia. A subsequent attempt to expand the fleet by acquiring 27 more in 1991 was not executed.
2000s
[edit] |
In 2005, under the administration of President Olusegun Obasanjo, the Nigerian Parliament appropriated US$251 million to purchase 15 Chengdu F-7 fighter aircraft from China. The deal included 12 F-7NI (NI-Nigeria) single-seat fighter variant, and 3 FT-7NI dual-seat trainer aircraft. The $251 million package included $220 million for 15 aircraft, plus $32 million for armaments: live PL-9C AAM, training PL-9 rounds, unguided rockets, and 250/500 kg bombs. The pioneer NAF pilots on the aircraft trained in China in 2008, while delivery of the aircraft began in 2009. (Nigeria had previously considered a $160 million deal to refurbish its fleet of MiG-21s by Aerostar/Elbit Systems, IAI, and RSK MiG). However, it was considered more cost-effective to opt for acquiring the F-7s which were brand new. Nigeria also caused a modification of its variant of the F7, including installing some western equipment and avionics and hence its official designation as "F7-Ni" to reflect that its variant differs in some respects from a typical Chinese F-7. With this acquisition, the fleet of MiG 21s was subsequently grounded. The Federal Government of Nigeria under the same dispensation acquired some ATR Maritime Patrol aircraft, built by EADS and Finmeccania / Alenia Aeronautica, boosting the capacity of the service to carry out extensive Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions on land and far into the sea.
From September 2009, Nigeria began refurbishing some of its C-130 aircraft beginning with the NAF 917 which it brought back to life with the support of U.S. Air Forces Africa and 118th Airlift Wing. The NAF has subsequently further improved its domestic capacity with the increase in the serviceability of a good number of its transport aircraft.
2010s
[edit]The NAF designed and built its first indigenous UAV, the "Gulma," which was unveiled by former president Goodluck Jonathan in Kaduna, who said that the "Gulma" would be useful in aerial imaging/mapping, telecommunications, and weather monitoring. According to him, the UAV was rapidly becoming an important tool in news coverage, environmental monitoring, and oil and gas exploration.[6]
On 24 March 2011, the new Air Officer Commanding of NAF Mobility Command, Air Vice Marshal John Aprekuma, explained the rationale behind the establishment of the headquarters of the newly established Air Force Mobility Command in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State as being part of the Federal Government's strategy to protect its socio-economic interest in the Niger Delta, affirming that the presence of the command's headquarters would bring about security and calm to the people of the State.
On 9 December 2011, the Nigerian Air Force commissioned its first female pilot, Blessing Liman, following a directive to the NAF hierarchy by former President Goodluck Jonathan, for the service to start offering flying opportunities to qualified Nigerian female citizens, especially since women had long been flying civil aviation aircraft in the country but did not get a chance to fly in the military.[7]
In March 2014, the Nigerian Government approached Pakistan for the purchase of joint Chinese-Pakistani made CAC/PAC JF-17 "Thunder" multi-role fighter aircraft. In December 2015, the Government of President Muhammadu Buhari presented a budget to the National Assembly that included N5bn for three JF-17 aircraft. On 28 March 2018, 'The Diplomat' reported Pakistan as confirming the sale of three JF-17s to Nigeria. In March 2020, NAF Chief of Air Staff announced the delivery schedule of three JF-17 Thunder to be affected in November 2020. It is understood that the Buhari administration will expand the fleet of JF-17 fighter aircraft upon an expression of satisfaction by NAF Generals, with the performance of the initial batch procured.
In December 2017, NAF formally announced that the United States of America had agreed to sell the A-29 Super Tucano attack aircraft to Nigeria after the deal had previously stalled. The success of this transaction is credited to the persistent negotiation and diplomatic skills of the Buhari administration.
In November 2018, Sierra Nevada was officially awarded the contract for the 12 Super Tucano aircraft for the NAF, with an estimated completion date by 2024.
On 2 January 2019, one Mi-35M attack helicopter from the Nigerian Air Force helicopter squadron crashed in Damasak, Borno State while providing close-air support for troops of the 145 Battalion combating Boko Haram insurgents, killing all on board. The Mi-35 in the fleet of the NAF is the top-of-the-range model acquired in the life of the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari that had also ordered several Mi-171 and Agusta 109 helicopters from both Mil Moscow Helicopters of Russia and Italy's Leonardo Aerospace for the service.
On 15 October 2019, the NAF winged its first female combat fighter jet pilot, Flight Lieutenant Kafayat Sanni, and its first female combat helicopter pilot Lieutenant Tolulope Arotile. They were amongst thirteen other pilots also winged on the same day.[8][9]
In April 2020, Embraer reported the completion of the first set of Super Tucanos out of the 12 on order, with an expected full delivery in 2021.
Structure
[edit]The Air Force includes a service headquarters, 6 principal staff branches, 4 direct reporting units, and 4 operational commands.[10]
The Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) is the principal or lead adviser to the President and also the Minister of Defense and the Chief of Defense Staff, on air-related defense matters. The Nigerian Air Force headquarters is responsible for establishing long and short-term mission objectives and articulating policies, carrying out plans and procedures for the attainment of peace and stability. Also, HQ Nigerian Air Force liaises with the Nigerian Army and Nigerian Navy on joint operational policies and plans. The headquarters Nigerian Air Force consists of the office of the Chief of the Air Staff and 8 staff or branches namely; Policy and Plans Branch, Operations Branch, Air Engineering Branch, Logistics Branch, Administration Branch, Accounts and Budget Branch, Inspections Branch and Air Secretary Branch respectively. Each of these branches is headed by an Air Vice Marshal as branch chief.
In 2017, Key Publishing/Air Forces Monthly wrote that NAF commands included:
..two new training commands derived from the now defunct Kaduna-based Training Command – the Air Training Command (ATC) with its HQ at Kaduna and the Ground Training Command (GTC) with its HQ at Enugu; and the Lagos-based Logistics Command. Every command has several subordinate groups, each of which has at least one wing – and each wing includes one or more squadrons. Wings are not always co-located with their parent unit, and while the numerical designations of some flying wings are known, information on current flying squadrons is not openly available.[11]
Nigerian Air Force Tactical Air Command (TAC), with its headquarters situated at Makurdi, is responsible for interpreting, implementing and controlling Nigerian Air Force operational plans.
- 33 Logistics Group (33 LOG), Makurdi[12]
- 35 Base Service Group (35 BSG), Makurdi
- 45 Nigerian Air Force Hospital, Makurdi
- 47 Nigerian Air Force Hospital, Yola
- 64 Air Defense Group (ADG) Nigerian Air Force, Makurdi
- the unit at Makurdi includes a Combat Squadron
- 65 Forward Operations (65 FOB) Badagry
- 75 Strike Group (75 STG), Yola
- 79 Composite Group (73 CG), Maiduguri
- 81 Air Maritime Group (81 AMG), Benin
- 97 Special Operations Group (97 SOG), Port Harcourt
- 99 Air Combat Training Group (99 ACTG), Kainji
Nigerian Air Force Mobility Command, headquartered at Yenagoa, was established in 2011. It has five other commands located in Lagos, Ilorin, Calabar, Warri and Abuja. The Mobility Command performs tactical and strategic airlift in support of government and military operations.
Presidential Air Fleet
[edit]The Nigerian Air Force also maintains and is the primary custodian of the air fleet in which the president flies on, as well as other state and foreign dignitaries. The fleet accounts for 10 various fixed wings and rotary aircraft.[13] According to the government, there are 10 aircraft in the fleet. They include two each of AgustaWestland AW189, and Falcon 7X, as well as one each of Bombardier Challenger 605, Boeing Business Jet, Falcon 900, Hawker 4000, Gulfstream G500, and Gulfstream G550. The fleet is situated at the Presidential Wing of the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport.
Detachments, Wings, and Forward Operational Bases
[edit]- Ibadan Forward Operating Base
- Sokoto Forward Operating Base
- 203 Medium Airlift Group (203 MAG), Ilorin
- 205 Rotary Wing (205 RW), Lagos
- 207 Special Mobility Group (207 SMG), Calabar
- 209 Executive Airlift Group (209 EAG), Minna
- 235 Base Service Group (235 BSG), Yenagoa
- 237 Base Service Group (237 BSG), Minna
- 301 Heavy Airlift Group (301 HAG), Lagos
- 61 Nigerian Air Force Detachment, Warri
Nigerian Air Force Training Command, located at Old Kaduna Airport, is chiefly responsible for the training of recruits, ground support crew, and technicians.[14][15]
- 301 Flying Training School, Kaduna
- 303 Flying Training School, Kano
- 305 Helicopter Group, Enugu.
- 325 Ground Training Centre, Kaduna
- 330 Nigerian Air Force Station, Jos
- 333 Logistics Group (333 BSG), Kaduna
- 335 Base Services Group (335 BSG), Kaduna
- 337 Base Service Group (337 BSG), Enugu
- 339 Base Service Group (339 BSG), Kano
- 345 Air Medical Services Hospital, Kaduna
- 347 Nigerian Air Force Hospital, Jos
- 349 Nigerian Air Force Hospital, Kano
- Aeromedical Centre Project, Kaduna
Nigerian Air Force Logistics Command, headquartered at Ikeja, Lagos, is tasked to acquire, maintain and sustain equipment in a state of operational readiness and at a minimum cost consistent with Nigerian Air Force mission requirements.
- 401 Aircraft Maintenance Depot (401 ACMD), Ikeja, within Murtala Mohammed International Airport
- 403 Electronic Maintenance Depot (403 EMD), Shasha
- 405 Central Armament Depot (405 CAD), Makurdi
- 407 Equipment Supply Depot (407 ESD), Nigerian Air Force Ikeja
- 409 International Helicopter Flying School, Enugu.
- 435 Base Service Group (435 BSG), Ikeja
- 445 Nigerian Air Force Hospital, Ikeja
Special Operations
[edit]Nigerian Air Force Special Operations Command (SOC), headquartered at Bauchi, Bauchi State.[16][17]
- 201 Composite Group, Bauchi, Bauchi State
- 205 Combat Search and Rescue Group, Kerang, Plateau State
- 207 Quick Response Group, Gusau, Zamfara State
- 209 Quick Response Group, Ipetu-Ijesha, Osun State
- 211 Quick Response Group, Owerri, Imo State
- 21 Quick Response Wing, Agatu, Benue State
- 22 Quick Response Wing, Doma, Nasarawa State
- 23 Quick Response Wing, Gembu, Taraba State
Bases
[edit]- NAF Abuja - (based within the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja)
- NAF Benin - Edo State
- NAF Enugu (based within Akanu Ibiam International Airport) - Enugu State
- NAF Ipetu-Ijesha – Osun State
- NAF Jos - Plateau State
- NAF Kaduna is the Old Kaduna Airport - Kaduna State
- NAF Kano (based within Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport) - Kano State
- NAF Maiduguri - Borno State
- NAF Makurdi (based within Makurdi Airport) - Benue State
- NAF Minna (based within Minna Airport) - Niger State
- NAF Port Harcourt - Rivers State
- NAF Kainji - Niger State
- NAF Shasha - Lagos State
- NAF Sam Ethnan Air base - Lagos State
- NAF Yola - Adamawa State
- NAF Katsina - Katsina State
- NAF Mando - Kaduna State
- NAF Unguwan - Kaduna State
Aircraft
[edit]Current inventory
[edit]
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UAV program
[edit]| Numbers | Model | Origin | In service since |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aerostar Tactical UAS | Israel | 2006, believed to have been decommissioned due to a lack of spare parts | |
| 3 | PD-1 | Ukraine | Believed to have entered service in late 2020[24] |
| Tekever AR3 | Portugal[25] | In service with the Nigerian Navy since 2021 | |
| Aerosonde Mk4 | USA/Australia | Made in Australia, delivered from the US, with the Nigerian Army since 2022 | |
| ALTI Transition | South Africa | In service with the Nigerian Police since 2022[26] | |
| at least 3 | Elistair Orion 2 | France | In service with the Nigerian Police for border protection since 2022[27] |
| Gulma | Nigeria | 2013, not meant to enter active service | |
| Tsaigumi | Nigeria | 2018, designed in collaboration with the Portuguese company UAVision. Not destined to enter active service till 2021. |
| Numbers | Model | Origin | In service since |
|---|---|---|---|
| CASC Rainbow CH-3A | China | 2014 | |
| CASC Rainbow CH-4A | China | since late 2021 | |
| 2 (according to Chinese state sources)[28] | CAIG Wing Loong II | China | 2021 |
| Yabhon Flash-20 | United Arab Emirates | in service at least up from 2021 | |
| 6[29] | Bayraktar TB2 | Turkey | 2022[29] |
| minimum 10[30] | Songar VTOL | Turkey | 2022[30] |
| Ichoku | Nigeria | reportedly in development since 2017. Not yet seen. |
Incidents and accidents
[edit]On 26 September 1992, a NAF Lockheed C-130H Hercules serial number 911 crashed three minutes after take-off from Lagos, Nigeria, when three engines failed, possibly due to high take-off weight. All 158 people on board were killed, including eight foreign nationals.[31]
On 25 January 2015, a photo appeared online at Beegeagle's Blog, appearing to show a CASC Rainbow CH-3 UCAV which crashed upside down near Dumge village in the Mafa District of Borno State. The two anti-tank missiles on the CH-3's wings appear to be intact. Borno is the area where much of the Boko Haram violence, including the massacre of 2,000 civilians, occurred in 2015. Currently, the Nigerian military is fighting to hold onto the city of Maiduguri against a Boko Haram onslaught, so it appears likely that the CH-3 in question was flying reconnaissance and fire support missions for the military when it crashed. The use of armed drones by Nigerian forces in combat makes Nigeria one of the first five countries to do that in combat history.[citation needed]
On 28 September 2018, a fatal air collision involving two F-7 aircraft occurred during a formation flying exercise involving an Aeritalia G.222 and three Alpha Jets as they practiced flight maneuvers for the 58th Independence Day celebrations in the capital, Abuja. As the F-7 jets turned to the formation flying, their wings clipped each other's side.[32] Both planes lost stability due to the collision and it resulted to the spiral loss of both jets and they both crashed at the Katampe district of Abuja. Three pilots ejected out of the crippled jets. The two pilots who were on the F-7Ni ejected and landed with minor G-force injuries, and the third pilot on the F-7 ejected and sustained head injuries due to the problems from the parachute as it deployed. The pilot later died thereafter, on the way to the hospital as emergency services rushed to the scene of the crash. The Nigerian Air Force was notified and responded with search and rescue for all three pilots, while witnesses helped in evacuating the pilots from their stricken planes.[33][34]
On 31 March 2021, an Alpha Jet crashed near Borno State in North Eastern Nigeria, after it was conducting an air interdiction on Boko Haram. At about 5:08 p.m., the jet was reported to have stopped pinging on radar and presumed to have crashed. The wreckage was reported missing and found nineteen months later by Nigerian Army troops.[35][36]
On 18 July 2021, while returning from an air interdiction mission in the North Western region of Nigeria along the Kaduna-Zamfara state boundaries, an Alpha Jet piloted by Flight Lieutenant Abayomi Dairo was shot down by "armed bandits" in Zamfara State. Flight Lieutenant Dairo successfully ejected from the plane, evaded capture and made his way to a Nigerian Armed Forces base in the area with minor injuries. He was given a "hero's return" by the Chief of Defense Staff and other top officers, Armed Forces of Nigeria, General Lucky Irabor, alongside other military top brass.[37][38]
On 14 July 2023, while on a routine training exercise in Markudi, Benue State, a Chengdu FT-7 crashed at 4:15 pm WAT local time. Both pilots ejected out of the jet and were rescued by the Air Force personnel assigned to search and rescue.[39]
On 14 August 2023, a NAF MI-171 Helicopter, which was involved in on "casualty evacuation mission", encountered a crash at approximately 1:00 pm. The helicopter's initial point of departure was Zungeru Primary School, with its destination set for Kaduna state. However, it was later determined that the helicopter had suffered a crash in the proximity of Chukuba Village, situated within the administrative jurisdiction of the Shiroro Local Government Area in Niger State. The number of passengers or crew members could not be ascertained.[40][41] Meanwhile, Islamic Jihadists claimed responsibility for the incident.[42]
One fatal "error" happened in December 2023, when the Nigerian forces accidentally hit a village with an armed UAV in northwestern Nigeria killing 85 civilians[43][44] celebrating a Muslim festival. The army said they thought the people were rebels.[45]
Rank structure
[edit]Commissioned officer ranks
[edit]The rank insignia of commissioned officers.
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Nigerian Air Force[46] |
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| Marshal of the air force | Air chief marshal | Air marshal | Air vice-marshal | Air commodore | Group captain | Wing commander | Squadron leader | Flight lieutenant | Flying officer | Pilot officer | ||||||||||||||
Other ranks
[edit]The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nigerian Air Force[46] |
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No insignia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Air warrant officer | Master warrant officer | Warrant officer | Flight sergeant | Sergeant | Corporal | Lance corporal | Aircraftman | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ The Military Balance 2020, p.494
- ^ "NAF Contact Us". Airforce.mil.ng. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ^ IISS Military Balance 2009, p.314
- ^ "Nigerian Air Force". Nigerian Air FOrce. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
- ^ "Celebrating 57 Years of Formidable Aerial Warfare - THISDAYLIVE". www.thisdaylive.com. This Day Live. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ "Jonathan launches first Nigerian – built drone". www.premiumtimesng.com. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ "Meet NAF's first female pilot – Even as a child I've always wanted to fly' – Daily Trust". 10 June 2020. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ Aluko, Olaleye (19 October 2019). "Why I decided to become Nigeria's first female fighter jet pilot — Sanni". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ "NAF wings first female combat pilot officer, 5 others - Daily Trust". dailytrust.com. 29 September 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ "About NAF | Structure". airforce.mil.ng. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ^ Mazumdar, M (17 August 2017). "Out of the Shadows". Air Forces Monthly.
- ^ Ikenwa, Chizoba (13 March 2020). "Command Structure of the Nigerian Air Force". Nigerian Infopedia. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- ^ Nweze, Emeka (14 May 2020). "List Of All The Aircraft In The Presidential Fleet". Lists. Emeka Nweze. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- ^ "Home Appliances World". www.suncatchersproject.org. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013.
- ^ "Home Appliances World". www.suncatchersproject.org. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013.
- ^ Documentary: "Nigerian Air Force Regiment and Special Forces", 3 May 2019, retrieved 29 May 2021
- ^ "Nigerian Air Force creates Special Forces command to fight Boko Haram, others". Premium Times Nigeria. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "World Air Forces 2024". Flightglobal Insight. 2024. Archived from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ "Nigeria gets 2nd batch of Türkiye's T129 Atak helicopters". 5 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
- ^ Dangwal, Ashish (20 April 2024). "Unhappy With JF-17 Thunder Jets? Nigeria Set To Receive Italian M-346 Fighter Aircraft By End Of 2024". Eurasian Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Nigerian Air Force discreetly receives 5 Chinese-made Wing Loong II drones". airrecognition.com. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ Lenkov, Alexey (7 October 2023). "Nigeria got all four DA62 MPPs versatile tracking mission aircraft". BulgarianMilitary.com. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
- ^ Binnie, Jeremy (16 February 2018). "Nigerian Air Force to develop armed UAV". Jane's Information Group.
- ^ Martin, Guy (13 October 2020). "Additional UAVs being acquired for the Nigerian Air Force". defenceWeb. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ "AR3 – TEKEVER". Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ^ ADF (17 July 2023). "Nigeria Using Tethered Drones for Security". Africa Defense Forum. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ Rees, Caroline (30 November 2022). "Nigerian Police Forces Use Tethered UAVs for Border Protection". Retrieved 19 September 2024.
- ^ Olander, Eric (12 November 2020). "New Chinese-Made Wing Loong II Attack Drones Arrive in Nigeria". The China-Global South Project. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Nigeria acquiring Bayraktar TB2 drone and not Akinci". Military Africa. 26 September 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Turkish Asisguard Songar armed drone joins Nigeria's growing fleet". Military Africa. 10 May 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ Accident description for Lockheed C-130H Hercules NAF911 Lagos at the Aviation Safety Network
- ^ "Two Nigerian Air Force (NAF) F-7Ni fighter jets crash during independence day rehearsal | African Military Blog". African Military Blog. 29 September 2018. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ^ Abdur Rahman, Alfa Shaban (28 September 2018). "Nigerian pilot dies in crash during independence day rehearsal". No. 1. African News. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ Lionel, Ekene (29 September 2018). "Two Nigerian Air Force (NAF) F-7Ni fighter jets crash during independence day rehearsal". No. 1. Military Africa. Military Africa. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ Lionel, Ekene (1 April 2021). "Nigerian air force alpha jet lost during counter terror operations".
- ^ Tarkaa, David (12 October 2022). "Missing Aircraft: NAF Secretly Buries Flt Lt Chappelle". No. 1. David Tarkaa. Leadership Newspaper. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ "Nigerian fighter jet shot down by criminals, pilot survives". news.yahoo.com. 19 July 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2022 – via AFP.
- ^ Ewokor, Chris (19 July 2021). "Nigeria fighter plane shot down by bandits - military". BBC News. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ Shiklam, John (14 July 2023). "BREAKING: 2 NAF Pilots Cheat Death In Makurdi Crash" (Document). Leadership Newspaper. Nigeria: John Shiklam. p. 1. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ Inyang, Ifreke (14 August 2023). "BREAKING: Air Force jet crashes in Niger". Daily Post Nigeria. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ^ Egigogo, Maimuna Raji (14 August 2023). "Nigerian Air Force MI-171 Helicopter crashes". Premium Times Nigeria. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ^ Gabriel, John (16 August 2023). "'We brought down surveillance helicopter' - Bandits claim responsibility". Daily Post Nigeria. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
- ^ Onuah, Felix; Muhammad, Garba (6 December 2023). "Nigeria's president orders investigation after drone strike kills 85". Reuters. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ "Nigeria airstrike 'mistakenly' kills worshippers at religious festival". 5 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ Oluwasanjo, Ahmed (4 December 2023). "Nigerian Army admits mistakenly dropping bombs on Kaduna villages from combat drones, 'killing 126 civilians'". Peoples Gazette. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ a b Smaldone, Joseph P. (1992). "National Security". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). Nigeria: a country study. Area Handbook (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 296–297. LCCN 92009026. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
Bibliography
[edit]- Michael I. Draper and Frederick Forsyth, Shadows: Airlift and Airwar in Biafra and Nigeria 1967-1970 (Howell Press, 2000) ISBN 1-902109-63-5
- Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, Volume 192, No. 5615, 5–11 December 2017. pp. 26–57. ISSN 0015-3710
- Martin, Guy. "Nigerian Regeneration". Air International. Vol 83 No 5, November 2012. pp. 84–89. ISSN 0306-5634.
- Sampson, A. (1977) The Arms Bazaar: From Lebanon to Lockheed, Viking, ISBN 978-0-670-13263-8
- World Aircraft Information Files. Brightstar Publishing, London. File 338 Sheet 01
External links
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