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Kansas's 4th congressional district

Coordinates: 37°30′N 97°12′W / 37.5°N 97.2°W / 37.5; -97.2
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Kansas's 4th congressional district
Map
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative
Distribution
  • 78.90% urban
  • 21.10% rural
Population (2023)739,147
Median household
income		$65,461[1]
Ethnicity
Cook PVIR+14[2]

Kansas's 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kansas. Based in the south central part of the state, the district encompasses the city of Wichita, the largest city in Kansas, three universities, Arkansas City, and the State of Kansas's only national airport.

The 4th congressional district is historically a strongly Republican district,[3][4][5][6] almost exclusively represented, over the last half century, by Republicans—with the sole exception of moderate Democrat Dan Glickman, who lost his bid for re-election to a 10th term in 1994.[6][7]

As of mid-April 2017 (following a special election to fill the district seat left vacant by Mike Pompeo's resignation to become CIA Director), no other Democrat has won election to the Congressional seat lost by Glickman,[8] which has since gone to conservative, anti-abortion Republicans,[5][9][10][11] routinely, by a roughly two-to-one margin in subsequent races—with the exception of the April 11, 2017 special election, in which Democrat James Thompson managed to narrow the gap with Republican victor Ron Estes to only 6.2%.[12][13]

History

[edit]

Since the 1980s (and peaking with the 1991 Summer of Mercy protests), the district's major city, Wichita (where most 4th district voters reside), is often referred to in national media as the center, or "ground zero", of the nation's anti-abortion movement[14][15][16][17][18][19]—a primary factor that Glickman has credited for his defeat,[20][21][22][23][9]—and which has remained a major influence in 4th district politics, with all three of Glickman's successors (Todd Tiahrt, Mike Pompeo and Ron Estes) claiming strong anti-abortion views.[9][10] In the 2017 Special Election to fill Pompeo's vacated seat, a critical factor in Estes' unusually narrow victory over the Democrat (James Thompson) was a string of last-minute ads tying Thompson to his pro-abortion stance.[5]

Redistricting

[edit]

In 2012, a feud between conservative and moderate Republicans in the Kansas Legislature stymied progress on mandatory decennial redistricting (boundary changes to reflect new demographic data from the decennial census). With elections approaching, the federal courts intervened and drew the district boundaries, shifting the fourth district westward, into more conservative territory.[24][25][26]

2016 elections

[edit]

In the 2016 general election, incumbent Republican Mike Pompeo was overwhelmingly re-elected to the seat, with a 31% (85,000-vote) lead over his Democratic rival.[3][6] However, President-elect Donald Trump then nominated him as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, and upon Pompeo's Congressional confirmation as CIA Director in January 2017, Pompeo resigned his Congressional seat, leaving it vacant—forcing Kansas Governor Sam Brownback to call a special election, set for April 11, 2017, to fill Pompeo's vacated Congressional seat.[27][13][28][6][29][30] (as happened with Pompeo's previous Democratic challengers[12]).

2017 special election

[edit]

Kansas Governor Sam Brownback, acting on his authority, announced a special election would be held on April 11, 2017, to fill the vacancy left by Rep. Pompeo's resignation. Republican, Democratic, and Libertarian parties would select their nominees through district caucuses, run by the respective party organizations, voting through delegates selected by their respective party rules. It would be the first Congressional election since the 2016 national election, and thus drew national attention.[6][27][13][7]

Republicans nominated Kansas State Treasurer Ron Estes. Democrats nominated civil-rights attorney James Thompson, a political novice. Libertarians nominated aviation instructor Chris Rockhold, also a political novice.[5][7][8][27][13]

Initial assumptions were that this election's outcome was a foregone conclusion: The Republican would win overwhelmingly again. However, Democratic nominee Thompson, aided with numerous energetic supporters (particularly former local campaigners for Bernie Sanders, who had taken the 2016 Kansas Democratic Presidential Caucus by 75%), began to show signs of the first serious fourth district challenge to Republicans since Glickman's loss a quarter-century earlier.[3][6][5][7][27][13][28]

The Thompson campaign raised about $254,000 by the final campaign finance-reporting deadline, and over 97% was from individual donors—with a last-minute infusion of only $10,000 from the state party, reflecting a lack of support from his state party and national organizations.[5] By comparison, Estes raised about $318,000—plus another $94,000 from the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) after the filing deadline—largely from outside groups and big (over $1,000) donors.[5][7]

The Thompson campaign emphasized Thompson's working-class progressive credentials, telling the story of his childhood poverty and use of education as a ladder to opportunity. Another key focus was his status as a U.S. Army veteran and advocacy for Second Amendment rights, featuring images of him firing his assault rifle. The campaign strongly emphasized his desire to defend the Constitution, inferring a reference to President Trump. The Thompson campaign attempted to focus public attention on Estes' close connections to exceptionally unpopular Governor Sam Brownback. In response, Estes and the Republican party simply branded Thompson as "too liberal for Kansas." Estes' low-key campaign included refusing to attend several debates with Thompson and Libertarian candidate Rockhold.[7][5] However, last-minute Republican ads—with retouched photos—depicted Thompson with House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, and focused on Thompson's abortion-rights beliefs (rather falsely, Thompson and some others argued, but essentially accurate, others have said), with apparent impact.[5]

In the last two weeks of the election, Republicans responded with a flurry of ads, especially abortion-focused ads, largely from national Republican party organizations. Robo-calls from President Trump and Vice President Mike Pence flooded the fourth district, and Senator Ted Cruz—who had won the 2016 Kansas Republican presidential caucus—made a last-minute visit to the district to stump for Estes.[5][7][6][27][13][28]

On election day—although advance voting returns indicated a substantial lead for Thompson, and Thompson narrowly secured a majority of the total Sedgwick County vote—a final tally of the in-person votes, combined with the advance ballots, eventually sorted out to give Estes (at 53% of the vote) the victory over Democrat Thompson (with 45% - about 8,500 fewer votes) and Libertarian Rockhold (at 2%, about 1,900 votes total).[6][27][13] It was the closest that Democrats had come to retaking the seat since Glickman's 1994 loss, and though clearly the Republican won, analysts described the unusually close race as a sign of trouble for Republicans in the fourth district, and in Kansas, and nationally.[3][4][5][27][13][28] Thompson immediately announced plans to run for the seat, again, in 2018.[6][27][28][4]

2018 regular election

[edit]

In the 2018 election, the district's Republican incumbent for Congress was Representative Ron Estes.[31] He was challenged in the primaries by a candidate with a similar name, Ron M. Estes. This led to a conundrum as to how the candidates should be distinguished on the ballot, with Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach claiming that Ron G. Estes can include the prefix "Rep." on the ballot according to Kansas law, although Ron M. Estes claimed that this was unfair.[31] Ron G. Estes, the incumbent, won the primary with more than 80% of the vote.[32] In the Democratic primary for Congress, Laura Lombard lost to James Thompson, who was defeated by Ron G. Estes in the 2017 special election.[31] In the general election, Ron Estes was re-elected, defeating James Thompson by a large margin.[33]

2000 demographics

[edit]

Most of the approximately 670,000 citizens of the fourth district reside in the state's largest city, Wichita (approximate population 390,000), or the surrounding Sedgwick County (approximate population 511,000). Nearly all live within the Wichita MSA (approximate population 650,000). The rest live in small towns and rural areas in adjacent counties, and counties farther west and east.[34]

Following redistricting after the 2000 U.S. census,[35] there were 672,101 people, 261,106 households, and 177,358 families residing in the district. The population density was 70.5/mi2 over a land area of 9,531 square miles (24,690 km2). There were 285,830 housing units at an average density of 30.0/mi2. The racial makeup of the district is 83.56% White, 6.86% Black or African American, 2.44% Asian, 1.23% Native American, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 3.28% from other races, and 2.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 6.57% of the population.

There were 261,106 households, out of which 36.53% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.87% were married couples living together, 10.14% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.07% were non-families. 27.62% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.99% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the district the population distribution by age is 27.69% under the age of 18, 9.13% from 18 to 24, 28.98% from 25 to 44, 21.19% from 45 to 64, and 13.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.0 years. For every 100 females there were 97.32 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.67 males.

The median income for a household in the district is $40,917, and the median income for a family was $49,650. Males had a median income of $36,701 versus $25,237 for females. The per capita income for the district was $20,041. About 7.0% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.1% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.

Among the population aged 16 years and older, 66.4% was in the civilian labor force and 0.6% were in the armed forces. Of the employed civilian workers, 12.5% were government workers and 6.7% were self-employed. Management, professional, and related occupations employed 31.5% of the work force and sales and office occupations an additional 25.5%. Only 0.5% are employed in farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. The largest employment by industry was: manufacturing, 24.1%; educational, health and social services, 20.8%; and retail trade, 11.0%. Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining industries only employed 2.0%.

Composition

[edit]

The 4th district includes the entirety of the following counties with the exception of Pawnee, which it shares with the 1st district. Pawnee County cities within the 4th district include Garfield and portions of Larned.

# County Seat Population
7 Barber Medicine Lodge 4,071
15 Butler El Dorado 68,632
19 Chautauqua Sedan 3,347
33 Comanche Coldwater 1,655
35 Cowley Winfield 34,157
47 Edwards Kinsley 2,733
49 Elk Howard 2,467
73 Greenwood Eureka 5,870
77 Harper Anthony 5,435
79 Harvey Newton 33,504
95 Kingman Kingman 7,066
97 Kiowa Greensburg 2,374
145 Pawnee Larned 6,126
151 Pratt Pratt 9,082
173 Sedgwick Wichita 528,469
185 Stafford St. John 3,909
191 Sumner Wellington 22,334

List of members representing the district

[edit]
Member Party Years Cong
ress 		Electoral history District maps
District created March 4, 1885

Thomas Ryan
(Topeka) 		Republican March 4, 1885 –
April 4, 1889 		49th
50th
51st 		Redistricted from the 3rd district and re-elected in 1884.
Re-elected in 1886.
Re-elected in 1888.
Resigned to become U.S. Minister to Mexico.
Vacant April 4, 1889 –
December 2, 1889 		51st

Harrison Kelley
(Burlington) 		Republican December 2, 1889 –
March 3, 1891 		Elected to finish Ryan's term.
Retired.

John G. Otis
(Topeka) 		Populist March 4, 1891 –
March 3, 1893 		52nd Elected in 1890.
Lost renomination.

Charles Curtis
(Topeka) 		Republican March 4, 1893 –
March 3, 1899 		53rd
54th
55th 		Elected in 1892.
Re-elected in 1894.
Re-elected in 1896.
Redistricted to the 1st district.

James M. Miller
(Council Grove) 		Republican March 4, 1899 –
March 3, 1911 		56th
57th
58th
59th
60th
61st 		Elected in 1898.
Re-elected in 1900.
Re-elected in 1902.
Re-elected in 1904.
Re-elected in 1906.
Re-elected in 1908.
Lost renomination.

Fred S. Jackson
(Eureka) 		Republican March 4, 1911 –
March 3, 1913 		62nd Elected in 1910.
Lost re-election.

Dudley Doolittle
(Strong City) 		Democratic March 4, 1913 –
March 3, 1919 		63rd
64th
65th 		Elected in 1912.
Re-elected in 1914.
Re-elected in 1916.
Lost re-election.

Homer Hoch
(Marion) 		Republican March 4, 1919 –
March 3, 1933 		66th
67th
68th
69th
70th
71st
72nd 		Elected in 1918.
Re-elected in 1920.
Re-elected in 1922.
Re-elected in 1924.
Re-elected in 1926.
Re-elected in 1928.
Re-elected in 1930.
Lost re-election.

Randolph Carpenter
(Marion) 		Democratic March 4, 1933 –
January 3, 1937 		73rd
74th 		Elected in 1932.
Re-elected in 1934.
Retired.

Edward H. Rees
(Emporia) 		Republican January 3, 1937 –
January 3, 1961 		75th
76th
77th
78th
79th
80th
81st
82nd
83rd
84th
85th
86th 		Elected in 1936.
Re-elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.
Re-elected in 1942.
Re-elected in 1944.
Re-elected in 1946.
Re-elected in 1948.
Re-elected in 1950.
Re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Re-elected in 1958.
Retired.

Garner E. Shriver
(Wichita) 		Republican January 3, 1961 –
January 3, 1977 		87th
88th
89th
90th
91st
92nd
93rd
94th 		Elected in 1960.
Re-elected in 1962.
Re-elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
Re-elected in 1970.
Re-elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Lost re-election.

Dan Glickman
(Wichita) 		Democratic January 3, 1977 –
January 3, 1995 		95th
96th
97th
98th
99th
100th
101st
102nd
103rd 		Elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Re-elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
Re-elected in 1992.
Lost re-election.

Todd Tiahrt
(Goddard) 		Republican January 3, 1995 –
January 3, 2011 		104th
105th
106th
107th
108th
109th
110th
111th 		Elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Re-elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
2003–2013

Mike Pompeo
(Wichita) 		Republican January 3, 2011 –
January 23, 2017 		112th
113th
114th
115th 		Elected in 2010.
Re-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Resigned to become Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
2013–2023
Vacant January 23, 2017 –
April 11, 2017 		115th

Ron Estes
(Wichita) 		Republican April 11, 2017–
present 		115th
116th
117th
118th 		Elected to finish Pompeo's term.
Re-elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.
Re-elected in 2022.
2023–present

Election results from recent statewide races

[edit]
Year Office Results Winning party
2000 President George W. Bush 59 – Al Gore 37% Republican
2004 President George W. Bush 64 – John Kerry 34% Republican
2008 President John McCain 58 – Barack Obama 40% Republican
2012 President Mitt Romney 62 – Barack Obama 36% Republican
2016 President Donald Trump 60 – Hillary Clinton 33% Republican
2020 President Donald Trump 60 – Joe Biden 38% Republican

Recent election results

[edit]

2002

[edit]
Kansas's 4th Congressional District election (2002)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Todd Tiahrt* 114,354 60.68
Democratic Carlos Nolla 69,560 36.91
Libertarian Maike Warren 4,544 2.41
Total votes 188,458 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2004

[edit]
Kansas's 4th Congressional District election (2004)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Todd Tiahrt* 173,151 66.11
Democratic Michael Kinard 81,388 31.07
Libertarian David Loomis 7,376 2.82
Total votes 261,915 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2006

[edit]
Kansas's 4th Congressional District election (2006)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Todd Tiahrt* 113,676 63.69
Democratic Garth J. McGinn 60,297 33.78
Reform Joy Holt 4,516 2.53
Total votes 178,489 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2008

[edit]
Kansas's 4th Congressional District election (2008)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Todd Tiahrt* 177,617 63.41
Democratic Donald Betts, Jr. 90,706 32.38
Reform Susan Ducey 6,441 2.30
Libertarian Steven Rosile 5,345 1.91
Total votes 280,109 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2010

[edit]
Kansas's 4th Congressional District election (2010)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Pompeo 119,575 58.79
Democratic Raj Goyle 74,143 36.46
Reform Susan Ducey 5,041 2.48
Libertarian Shawn S. Smith 4,624 2.94
Total votes 203,383 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2012

[edit]
Kansas's 4th Congressional District election (2012)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Pompeo (incumbent) 161,094 62.2
Democratic Robert Leo Tillman 81,770 31.6
Libertarian Thomas Jefferson 16,058 6.2
Total votes 258,922 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2014

[edit]
Kansas's 4th Congressional District election (2014)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Pompeo (incumbent) 138,757 66.66
Democratic Perry Schuckman 69,396 33.34
Total votes 208,153 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2016

[edit]
Kansas's 4th Congressional District election (2016)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Pompeo (incumbent) 166,998 60.7
Democratic Daniel Giroux 81,495 29.6
Independent Miranda Allen 19,021 6.9
Libertarian Gordon Bakken 7,737 2.8
Total votes 275,251 100.00
Turnout  
Republican hold

2017 special election

[edit]
Kansas's 4th Congressional District special election (2017)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Ron Estes 63,505 52.5
Democratic James Thompson 55,310 45.7
Libertarian Chris Rockhold 2,082 1.7
Total votes 120,897 100.00
Republican hold

2018

[edit]
Kansas's 4th Congressional District election (2018)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Ron Estes (incumbent) 144,248 59.4
Democratic James Thompson 98,445 40.6
Total votes 242,693 100.0
Republican hold

2020

[edit]
Kansas's 4th Congressional District election (2020)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Ron Estes (incumbent) 203,432 63.7
Democratic Laura Lombard 116,166 36.3
Total votes 319,598 100.0
Republican hold

2022

[edit]
Kansas's 4th Congressional District election (2022)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Ron Estes (incumbent) 144,889 63.3
Democratic Bob Hernandez 83,851 36.7
Total votes 228,740 100.0
Republican hold

Historical district boundaries

[edit]
2003 – 2013
2013 - 2023

In 2012, in an unusual move, the federal courts intervened in Kansas's decennial redistricting (required by law to adjust boundaries of Congressional and state legislative districts every 10 years, to reflect changing population distributions, as reported by the decennial census).[24]

Sharply criticizing the Legislature for the intractable feud between conservative and moderate factions in the Kansas Legislature (normally responsible for redistricting), and recognizing the rapidly approaching next elections, a federal three-judge panel (the Chief Justice of the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals and two judges from the Kansas City U.S. District Court) drew the Kansas state and Congressional district boundaries themselves, in rather simple and direct shapes that produced radical changes.[24][25]

In the process, the 4th congressional district shifted west—still centered approximately on (and demographically dominated by) Wichita, The district's previous eastern boundary – Montgomery County and part of Greenwood County – were moved into another district, while the 4th district's western edge moved farther west, to include all of Pratt, Stafford, Barber, Kiowa, Comanche and Edwards counties, plus a slender section of southern Pawnee County. In the process, the Fourth acquired a more neatly rectangular shape, and sharply reduced the amount of counties divided between the Fourth and another district.[24][25]

The map shown here indicates prior boundaries.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "My Congressional District".
  2. ^ "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. July 12, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d "Republicans' narrow win for Kansas seat embolden Democrats," April 12, 2017, PBS NewsHour, retrieved April 12, 2017
  4. ^ a b c Stirewalt, Chris, "A shocker in Wichita?," published April 11, 2017, FoxNews, retrieved April 14, 2017
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Weigel, David, Analysis: "Four big lessons from Kansas's special election," April 12, 2017, Washington Post, retrieved April 14, 2017
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Chamberlain, Samuel, "Republican holds on in closely-watched Kansas special House election," April 12, 2017, FoxNews, retrieved April 14, 2017
  7. ^ a b c d e f g "Dems making close race in Kansas, in 1st congressional contest under Trump," published April 11, 2017, FoxNews, retrieved April 14, 2017
  8. ^ a b "Kansas Democratic Party picks James Thompson as nominee for 4th District race," February 11, 2017, KWCH-TV News, retrieved February 12, 2017
  9. ^ a b c Hegeman, Roxanna, Associated Press, "Kansas House race divides anti-abortion community," July 20, 2014, Associated Press, in Washington Times, retrieved February 10, 2017
  10. ^ a b "Todd Tiahrt on Abortion," in "Todd Tiahrt on the Issues" page, OnTheIssues.org, retrieved February 10, 2017
  11. ^ "Mike Pompeo on Abortion," in "Mike Pompeo on the Issues" page, OnTheIssues.org, retrieved February 10, 2017
  12. ^ a b "Wichita attorney Dan Giroux announces challenge to Rep_ Mike Pompeo," Topeka Capital-Journal / CJonline.com, retrieved February 12, 2017
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h Associated Press, "Republicans survive election scare, win Kansas House seat" KSN-W TV News, Kansas State Network, Wichita, Kansas; Published: April 11, 2017, 11:40 am; Updated: April 12, 2017, 12:04 am (NOTE: The date and time posted by AP/KSN for original publication precedes, by several hours, the closing of the polls, raising questions about the origins of this article, reporting the outcome of this relatively close election), retrieved April 12, 2017
  14. ^ "Drive Against Abortion Finds a Symbol: Wichita," August 4, 1991, New York Times
  15. ^ Abcarian, Robin, "Abortion doc's killer convicted," January 30, 2010, Chicago Tribune, (originally published January 29, 2010, in Los Angeles Times as "Scott Roeder convicted of murdering abortion doctor George Tiller,"), retrieved February 16, 2017; which says "...Wichita, which became a center of the anti-abortion movement in the late 1980s and 1990s."
  16. ^ Welch, William M., "Abortion provider was accustomed to threats," May 31, 2009, USA Today, retrieved February 16, 2017; which says: "His practice made him a focal point in the political struggle over abortion, and his hometown became ground zero for anti-abortion activists. In 1993, Tiller was shot in both arms.... His clinic was bombed in 1985...."
  17. ^ Ball, Karen (Kansas City) "George Tiller's Murder: How Will It Impact the Abortion Fight?," May 31, 2009, Time magazine, retrieved February 16, 2017; which says: "George Tiller long ago erased the line between his private life and his public cause, turning his Wichita, Kans., clinic into ground zero in the fight over late-term abortions.... shot in both arms in 1993 by an antiabortion activist."
  18. ^ Eligon, John, "Four Years Later, Slain Abortion Doctor's Aide Steps Into the Void: Kansas Abortion Practice Set to Replace Tiller Clinic," January 25, 2013, New York Times, retrieved February 16, 2017; which says: "The [Wichita abortion] clinic was also the focal point of the "Summer of Mercy" protests in 1991... tens of thousands of abortion protesters... more than 2,000... arrested — in an event that transformed... into a national brawl."
  19. ^ Carmon, Irin "Kansas abortion clinic is back: Three years after George Tiller's murder by an anti-abortionist, his aide is picking up where her mentor left off," September 28, 2012, Salon, retrieved February 16, 2017; which says: "...Wichita, which has been ground zero for the abortion battle since the 1991 Summer of Mercy, when the antiabortion group Operation Rescue set up camp there."
  20. ^ Jehl, Douglas, "Man in the News - Turning Loss Into Victory - Daniel Robert Glickman," December 28, 1994, New York Times, retrieved February 11, 2017
  21. ^ Christopher J. Catizone, "Debate Addresses Abortion Politics," March 9, 2004, Harvard Crimson, retrieved February 10, 2017.
  22. ^ "Dan Glickman," Graduate School of Political Management, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., retrieved February 11, 2017
  23. ^ McNulty, Timothy J., "Incumbent's Defeat Is A Case Study In Grass-roots Politics," November 20, 1994, Chicago Tribune, retrieved February 10, 2017
  24. ^ a b c d "Court releases redistricting plans; bad news for two conservative Senate hopefuls," June 8, 2012, Wichita Eagle, retrieved February 12, 2017
  25. ^ a b c "Judges' decision moves Pratt County into 4th Congressional District," June 9, 2012, Pratt Tribune, Pratt, Kansas, retrieved February 12, 2017
  26. ^ "Political Geography: Kansas," March 9, 2012, in Five Thirty-Eight blog of the New York Times, retrieved February 12, 2017
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h Associated Press, "Estes wins special election for Kansas' 4th Congressional District," KWCH-TV News, Wichita, Kansas, Posted 3:59 PM, April 11, 2017; Updated: Wed 1:57 AM, April 12, 2017 (NOTE: The date and time posted by AP/KWCH for original publication precedes, by several hours, the closing of the polls, raising questions about the origins of this article, reporting the outcome of this relatively close election), retrieved April 12, 2017
  28. ^ a b c d e "Thompson plans another run for Congress," KWCH-TV News, Posted: Tue 11:30 PM, April 11, 2017, retrieved April 12, 2017
  29. ^ Hancock, Peter, "Former lawmaker Dennis McKinney to announce bid for Congress," January 24, 2017,, Lawrence Journal-World, retrieved February 10, 2017
  30. ^ Lowry, Bryan; Daniel Salazar and Dion Lefler, "Here's the latest on who's running for Pompeo's seat in Congress," January 24, 2017, Wichita Eagle, retrieved February 10, 2017
  31. ^ a b c http://www.kansas.com/news/politics-government/article212306569.html. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  32. ^ Wise, Justin (August 8, 2018). "Rep. Ron Estes defeats opponent also named Ron Estes in GOP primary". TheHill. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  33. ^ Faulx, Nadya; Bisaha, Stephan (November 7, 2018). "Estes Wins Re-Election In 4th Congressional District Over Thompson". www.kmuw.org. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  34. ^ Harris, Richard, former Wichita Civil Rights Commissioner, "PEOPLE" page, Civic Affairs in Wichita website, retrieved February 10, 2017.
  35. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

37°30′N 97°12′W / 37.5°N 97.2°W / 37.5; -97.2

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