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Amphinomidae

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Amphinomidae
Temporal range: Carboniferous – Recent[1]
Hermodice carunculata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Clade: Pleistoannelida
Subclass: Errantia
Clade: Aciculata
Family: Amphinomidae

Amphinomidae, also known as the fireworms, bristle worms or sea mice,[2] are a family of marine polychaetes, many species of which bear chaetae mineralized with carbonate.[3] The best-known amphinomids are the fireworms, which can cause great pain if their toxin-coated chaetae are touched or trodden on.[4] Their relationship to other polychaete groups is somewhat poorly resolved.[4]

Complanine

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Complanine is a quaternary ammonium salt that has been isolated from the marine fireworm Eurythoe complanata. It causes an inflammatory effect upon contact with the skin or mucous membranes.

It was previously known that handling the fireworm caused it to release a chemical that induces inflammation of the skin of marine predators and mammals (including humans). Complanine was the first compound isolated from the fireworm which causes these effects.[5][6] It is presumed that this compound's function is to deter predators of the fireworm.

Species

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Chloeia flava
Cryptonome conclava
Eurythoe complanata
Hermodice carunculata
Hermodice carunculata
Notopygos ornata
Paramphinome jeffreysii
Pherecardia striata

Most genera in Amphinomidae are divided into two subfamilies: Amphinominae, and Archinominae.[7][a]

Amphinominae Lamarck, 1818

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Archinominae Kudenov, 1991

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Subfamily not assigned

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Notes

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  1. ^ A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.

References

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  1. ^ Pleijel, F.; Rouse, G. W.; Vannier, J. (2004). "Carboniferous fireworms (Amphinomida : Annelida), with a discussion of species taxa in palaeontology". Invertebrate Systematics. 18 (6): 693. doi:10.1071/IS04003.
  2. ^ P. Gopalakrishnakone; National University of Singapore. Venom & Toxin Research Group (1990). A Colour Guide to Dangerous Animals. NUS Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-9971-69-150-9.
  3. ^ Barroso, R. M.; Paiva, P. C. (2010). "A new deep-sea species of Chloeia (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) from southern Brazil". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 91 (2): 419. doi:10.1017/S0025315410001499. S2CID 87982759.
  4. ^ a b Wiklund, H.; Nygren, A.; Pleijel, F.; Sundberg, P. (2008). "The phylogenetic relationships between Amphinomidae, Archinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Amphinomida: Aciculata: Polychaeta), inferred from molecular data". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK. 88 (3): 509–513. doi:10.1017/S0025315408000982. S2CID 84732410.
  5. ^ Kazuhiko Nakamura; Yu Tachikawa; Makoto Kitamura; Osamu Ohno; Masami Suganuma; Daisuke Uemura (2008). "Complanine, an inflammation-inducing substance isolated from the marine fireworm Eurythoe complanata". Org. Biomol. Chem. 6 (12): 2058–2060. doi:10.1039/b803107j. PMID 18528565.
  6. ^ Nakamura, Kazuhiko; Tachikawa, Yu; Uemura, Daisuke (2009). "(−)-Complanine, an inflammatory substance of marine fireworm: a synthetic study". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. 5: 12. doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.12. PMC 2686394. PMID 19478919.
  7. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Amphinomidae Lamarck, 1818".
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