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Logan International Airport

Coordinates: 42°21′47″N 071°00′23″W / 42.36306°N 71.00639°W / 42.36306; -71.00639
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"Logan Airport" redirects here. For other uses, see Logan Airport (disambiguation).

General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport
Boston Logan International Airport
Aerial view of Boston Logan Airport in September 2012.
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorMassachusetts Port Authority
Serves
LocationEast Boston and Winthrop, Massachusetts, U.S.
OpenedSeptember 8, 1923; 101 years ago (1923-09-08)
Hub forDelta Air Lines
Focus city forJetBlue
Operating base forCape Air
Time zoneEST (UTC−05:00)
 • Summer (DST)EDT (UTC−04:00)
Elevation AMSL6 m / 19 ft
Coordinates42°21′47″N 071°00′23″W / 42.36306°N 71.00639°W / 42.36306; -71.00639
Websitewww.massport.com/logan-airport
Maps
A map with a grid overlay showing the terminals runways and other structures of the airport.
FAA airport diagram
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
4L/22R 2,397 7,864 Asphalt
4R/22L 3,050 10,006 Asphalt
9/27 2,134 7,001 Asphalt
14/32 1,524 5,000 Asphalt
15L/33R 779 2,557 Asphalt
15R/33L 3,073 10,083 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Aircraft operations395,146[1]
Passengers40,833,978[2]
Cargo (lbs.)565,119,946[2]

General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport[4] (IATA: BOS, ICAO: KBOS, FAA LID: BOS) — also known as Boston Logan International Airport[5][6] — is an international airport that is located mostly in East Boston and partially in Winthrop, Massachusetts. It covers 2,384 acres (965 ha), has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. The airport is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems in which it is categorized as a large hub primary commercial service facility.[7] Opened in 1923 and named after General Edward Lawrence Logan, a 20th-century soldier and politician native to Boston, it is the largest airport in both Massachusetts and the New England region in terms of passenger volume and cargo handling as well as the busiest airport in the Northeastern United States outside the New York metropolitan area. The airport saw 42 million passengers in 2019, the most in its history.

Logan has non-stop service to destinations throughout the United States and the world. BOS is the northeastern hub for Cape Air and is the secondary transatlantic hub for Delta Air Lines, serving several destinations in Europe. It is also an operating base for JetBlue.[8][9] American Airlines and United Airlines also carry out significant operations from the airport, including daily transcontinental flights. All of the major U.S. air carriers offer flights from Boston to all or the majority of their primary and secondary hubs.

History

[edit]

Origins

[edit]

Logan Airport opened on September 8, 1923, and at that time it was mainly used by the Massachusetts Air National Guard and the United States Army Air Corps. At the time, it was referred to as "Boston Air Port" at Jeffries Point.[10] The first scheduled commercial passenger flights to start at the new airfield were on Colonial Air Transport between Boston and New York City, starting in 1927.[11] On January 1, 1936, the airport's weather station became the official point for Boston's weather observations and records by the National Weather Service.[12]

Early postwar development

[edit]

During the 1940s and 1950s, due to the rise in demand for air travel, the airport added 1,800 acres (2.8 sq mi; 7.3 km2; 730 ha) of landfill in Boston Harbor, taken from the former Governors, Noddle's and Apple Islands. During this time, the airport expanded the terminals, adding terminals B and C in 1949, which are still in use today. In 1943, the state of Massachusetts renamed the airport after Maj. Gen. Edward Lawrence Logan, a Spanish–American War officer from South Boston, a statue of whom by sculptor Joseph Coletti was unveiled and dedicated on May 20, 1956.[11][13][14] In 1952, Logan Airport became the first in the United States with an indirect rapid transit connection, with the opening of the Airport station on the Blue Line.[15]

Boston became a transatlantic gateway after World War II. In the late 1940s, American Overseas Airlines began operating a weekly Boston-Shannon-London service,[16] shortly after, Pan Am began operating nonstop service to Shannon Airport in Ireland and Santa Maria Airport in the Azores, continuing to London and Lisbon, respectively.[17] By the early 1950s, BOAC had started nonstop Stratocruiser service to Glasgow and Prestwick in Scotland,[18] and Air France began operating a multi-stop Constellation service linking Boston to Orly Airport in Paris.[19] BOAC thereafter began service on the new De Havilland Comet, the first commercial jetliner in the world, on direct flights to Boston from London Heathrow. In April 1957, the Official Airline Guide showed 49 weekday departures with the list as follows: American, 31 Eastern, 25 Northeast Airlines, 8 United Airlines, 7 TWA domestic, 6 National Airlines, 6 Mohawk Airlines, 2 Trans-Canada Air Lines and one Provincetown-Boston Airlines. In addition TWA had nine departures a week to or from the Atlantic, Pan Am had 18, Air France 8, BOAC 4 and Alitalia 4.[20] Aer Lingus launched nonstop Constellation service to Shannon in 1958.[21]

The airport was renamed General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport by an act of the state legislature on April 29, 1954, reflecting the growing international market.[22]

Introduction of the jumbo jet and early international expansion

[edit]

The jumbo jet era began at Logan in the summer of 1970, when Pan Am started daily Boeing 747 service to London Heathrow. Until 2020, the Boeing 747-400 was scheduled on flights to Boston by British Airways.[23] Lufthansa operated Boeing 747s, including the latest-model Boeing 747-8, on its daily nonstop flights to Frankfurt.[24]

Terminal E was the second-largest international arrivals facility in the United States when it opened in 1974.[25] Between 1974 and 2015, the number of international travelers at Logan tripled.[26] International long-haul travel has been one of the fastest growing market sectors at the airport. Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) undertook the "Logan Modernization Project" from 1994 to 2006: a new parking garage, a new hotel, moving walkways, terminal expansions and improvements, and two-tiered roadways to separate arrival and departure traffic.[11]

Massport's relationship with nearby communities has been strained since the mid-1960s,[27] when the agency took control of a parcel of residential land and popular fishing area near the northwest side of the airfield. This land included Frederick Law Olmsted's 46-acre (19 ha) Wood Island Park, a valued recreational area for a neighborhood with "fewer park and recreation facilities than other neighborhood in the city."[28] After decades of litigation, the forfeiture was undertaken to extend Runway 15R/33L, which later became Logan's longest runway via artificial land.[29] Outside of the park on Neptune Road, residents of the neighborhood, formerly, with its convenient park access, the "most prestigious street in East Boston,"[28] were bought out of their homes and forced to relocate. Public opposition came to a head when residents laid down in the streets to block bulldozers and supply trucks from reaching the construction zone.[30]

International growth and runway additions

[edit]
Cargo loading of a Lufthansa Boeing 747-400 during a temporary closure due to heavy snowfall

Surrounding the year 2000 the Board of Massport placed an emphasis on Logan modernization under the conceptual term "Logan 2000".[31] A plan was devised including an idea for a Monorail or people mover to connect all terminals (post-security) as a means of cutting down on all the buses which needed to visit each terminal to make pick-ups or drop-offs. The plan was abandoned at the time due to cost of the system. However it has been raised again.[32]

Runway 14/32, Logan's first major runway addition in more than forty years, opened on November 23, 2006. It was proposed in 1973, but was delayed in the courts.[33] According to Massport records, the first aircraft to use the new airstrip was a Continental Express ERJ-145 regional jet landing on Runway 32, on the morning of December 2, 2006.

In April 2007, the FAA approved construction of a center field taxiway long-sought by Massport. The 9,300-foot (2,830 m) taxiway is between, and parallel to, Runways 4R/22L and 4L/22R. News of the project angered neighboring residents.[34] In 2009 the taxiway opened ahead of schedule and under budget.[35] To ensure the taxiway is not mistaken for a runway, "TAXI" is written in large yellow letters at each end.

A scene from the 2006 film The Departed was filmed at Logan, inside the connector bridge between Terminal E and the Central Parking Garage. Terminal C and several United Airlines and Northwest Airlines aircraft can be seen in the background. Parts of the Delta Air Lines 2007 "Anthem" commercial were filmed in Terminal A as well as the connector bridge between Terminal A and Central Parking.

In October 2009 US Airways announced it would close its Boston crew base in May 2010. The airline cited an "operations realignment" as the reason.[36] Over 400 employees were transferred or terminated.[37]

After starting service to Logan in 2004, JetBlue was a major operator at Logan Airport by 2008 and its largest carrier by 2011, with flights to cities throughout North America and the Caribbean.[38] The airline grew to operate almost every gate in Terminal C and remains Logan's largest carrier as of 2023.[39]

The Airbus A380 first landed at Logan International Airport for compatibility checks on February 8, 2010. On March 26, 2017, British Airways began flying the A380 to Logan, operating the aircraft three times per week.[40] British Airways announced in October 2018, that A380 service to Boston would expand to daily frequency during the summer 2019 season, beginning on March 31, 2019.[41] Likewise, in January 2019, Emirates announced that it would be deploying the A380 on its daily flight between Logan and Dubai during the June–September 2019 summer season, as high peak seasonal services replacing the B777-300ER on that route.[42] Lufthansa deployed the A380 to Boston in 2023, on its route to Munich.[39]

By 2023, Logan airport had grown to serve over 8 million international passengers.[2]

Facilities

[edit]

Logan International Airport has four lettered passenger terminals, A, B, C, and E, and 106 gate positions in total.[43] With the exception of flights from destinations with U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance, inbound international flights arrive at Terminal E for customs screening since the other terminals do not have customs screening facilities. All terminals are connected by pre-security shuttle buses and by the SL1 branch of the MBTA Silver Line BRT, and Terminals A, B, and E via pre-security moving walkways.[44] Moving walkways also connect the terminals to a central parking garage designed for consolidated service between all four terminals and the garage itself.[45] Post-security connection between Terminals B, C and E is available.

Terminal A

[edit]
Terminal A Ticketing

Terminal A, which replaced a 1970s-era building once occupied by the now-defunct Eastern Air Lines (and later by its successor Continental Airlines until closed for demolition in 2002), opened to passengers on March 16, 2005. It was designed by Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum.[46][47] The terminal is primarily used by Delta Air Lines and is divided into a 11-gate main terminal and a 10-gate satellite terminal, which are connected via an underground pedestrian tunnel under the ramp.[43] Terminal A features a Delta Sky Club on the third floor of the satellite building, and a second Sky Club at the site of the former Continental Airlines Presidents Club in the main terminal building.[48]

The building is the first airport terminal in the United States to be LEED certified for environmentally friendly design by the U.S. Green Building Council. Among the building's features are heat-reflecting roof and windows, low-flow faucets and waterless urinals, self-dimming lights and stormwater filtration.[49][unreliable source?]

The current Terminal A was developed under a special facility lease between the Massachusetts Port Authority and Delta. On September 14, 2005, Delta filed for bankruptcy and consequently had to reduce the number of gates it leased.[50] In December 2018, Delta announced an expansion of routes to take effect in 2019, which resulted in the airline regaining all of Terminal A (other than one gate subleased to WestJet, itself a codeshare airline with Delta).[51] As a result, Delta declared Logan to be one of their hubs.[52]

Terminal B

[edit]
Terminal B

Terminal B, designed by John Carl Warnecke & Associates and Desmond & Lord, Inc., first opened in 1974.[53] Air Canada, Alaska Airlines, American, Boutique Air, Southwest, Spirit, and United currently operate out of the terminal which has 41 gates.[43] American and United both operate lounges in the terminal (those being the Admirals Club and United Club, respectively) for their customers.[54][55]

Pier B was completed for US Airways in 1974 and Pier A for American in 1975.[53] The terminal remained largely unchanged until US Airways expanded its operations at Logan in 1979, and improvements designed by HNTB were constructed in 1980.[53] From 1980 until 2000, numerous small projects including passenger seating area improvements, concessions expansions and passenger lounges were completed at both piers.[53][56] American's facilities were renovated in 1995 and redesigned by Gresham, Smith & Partners,[56][57] and US Airways' facilities were renovated in 1998 and 2000, and redesigned by URS Corporation with Turner Construction serving as the construction manager.[56][58]

Until 2014, Terminal B was split into north and south buildings, with a parking garage between the two buildings. Between 2012 and April 2014, Terminal B underwent a $160 million renovation. It created a post-security connection between Terminal B North and Terminal B South. The renovation also included 24 new ticket counter spots, eight new departure lounges, new concession space, and a new baggage carousel.[59]

Terminal C

[edit]
Terminal C

Terminal C opened in 1967 and was designed by Perry, Shaw, Hepburn and Dean.[60] It underwent renovations in 1987, 2002, and 2005.[56] The terminal, which has 27 gates, serves Aer Lingus, Cape Air, JetBlue as their operating base, with TAP Air Portugal only having departures take place out of the terminal.[43] The airport's USO Lounge is located in the baggage claim area of Terminal C on the lower level. It offers most typical amenities as other markets as major as Greater Boston. Military ID is required for entry.

The former Terminal D gates (the three gates at the north end of Terminal C) were renumbered and labeled as part of Terminal C in February 2006.[61] In the summer of 2016, following construction of a post-security connection between Terminals C and E, these three gates were renumbered again.[62]

Construction on the Terminal B to C Connector was started in 2021, with the Connector opening in 2023, creating a continuous indoor post-security connection between Terminals B, C, and E. Once the Connector was completed, the former gates C40-42 were renamed B40, C23, and C24. A new gate, B39, was also created from the added space in connecting Terminals B and C.[63]

Terminal E

[edit]
The International Arrivals Hall in Terminal E (Volpe International Terminal)

Terminal E, also known as the John A. Volpe International Terminal named after the former Governor of Massachusetts and U.S. Secretary of Transportation,[11] serves as the international terminal for Logan and therefore houses the majority of its international arrivals (excluding flights from an origin that has U.S. border preclearance). Also, most non-U.S. carriers excluding Aer Lingus, Air Canada, TAP Air Portugal, and WestJet depart from Terminal E. The terminal has a total of 18 gates, including two gates used for hard stand boarding and two flexible-use gates which can each accommodate either 2 narrow-body aircraft or a single wide-body aircraft.[43] All gates within the terminal are designated as common-use, meaning gates are assigned mostly based on an operational need, and no specific airline claims ownership of any of those gates.[64] All ticket counters and gates in Terminal E are shared among the international carriers. Terminal E has several airline lounges including: Air France Lounge,[65] British Airways Lounge,[66] Delta's Sky Club,[67] Lufthansa's First Lounge and Business Lounges,[68] and Emirates' Emirates Lounge.[69] The third level of Terminal E is used for departures, the second for passport control via U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and the ground level for arrivals and customs, also via U.S. Customs and Border Protection.[64] The Federal Inspection Station located in Terminal E is capable of processing over 2,000 passengers per hour.[49]

The terminal was completed in 1974, and designed by Kubitz & Papi, Inc. and Desmond & Lord, Inc.[70] Massport completed the "Terminal E Modernization" project in August 1997 which improved the passenger facilities.[56] The International Gateway Project, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and DMJM Aviation, added 410,000 square feet (38,000 m2) to the terminal in 2003, and the entire project was completed in 2008.[56] Started in 2014 and completed in late January 2017,[62] Terminal E underwent a $100 million renovation which included a post-security connector between Terminals E and C (opened summer 2016), improved immigration and passport control kiosks, and gates capable of serving the Airbus A380.[71]

In summer 2019, Massport began another expansion project on Terminal E, due to continued growth at the airport. The project, which was completed in August 2023,[72] included the addition of 2 new international gates (E13 and E16) as well as two flexible-use international gates which can each accommodate either two narrow-body aircraft or a single wide-body aircraft (E14 and E15). The project includes all-new shops, restaurants and other passenger services which stretch into the North Cargo area. Additionally, a new TSA checkpoint was built and the ticketing, customs, and baggage claim areas were expanded. In total, the project cost $680 million and incorporated roughly 320,000 square feet (30,000 m2) of new space.[73][74] The project, inclusive of a prismatic painted roof, was designed by AECOM and luis vidal + architects, with Boston-based Suffolk Construction Company serving as construction manager.[75]

Runways

[edit]
Runways and terminals at BOS

Located partly in East Boston and partly in the Town of Winthrop, on Boston Harbor,[76] Logan International Airport covers an area of 2,384 acres (965 ha) which contains six runways:[3][77]

  • Runway 4L/22R: 7,864 ft × 150 ft (2,397 m × 46 m)
  • Runway 4R/22L: 10,006 ft × 150 ft (3,050 m × 46 m)
  • Runway 9/27: 7,001 ft × 150 ft (2,134 m × 46 m)
  • Runway 14/32: 5,000 ft × 100 ft (1,524 m × 30 m)
  • Runway 15L/33R: 2,557 ft × 100 ft (779 m × 30 m)
  • Runway 15R/33L: 10,083 ft × 150 ft (3,073 m × 46 m)

The runways are operated in four patterns depending on the wind direction:[78]

  • Northeast winds: Arrivals on 4L and 4R; departures from 9, 4L, and 4R
  • Northwest winds: Arrivals on 33L, 32, and 27; departures from 33L and 27
  • Southeast winds: Arrivals on 15L and 15R; departures from 15R, 14, and 9
  • Southwest winds: Arrivals on 22L, 22R, and 27; departures from 22L and 22R

Additionally, the harbor to the south of the airport contains water Runway 14W/32W (3,000 ft × 1,000 ft (910 m × 300 m)); this runway, however, is not operated by Logan International Airport but is instead co-operated by two private seaplane bases (SPBs), Tailwind Boston SPB (FAA LID: MA17)[79] and Cape Air Boston Harbor SPB (IATA: BNH, FAA LID: MA87).[80] Between 1968 and 1971, Taxiway Sierra was converted into STOL runway 18/36, which was 1,800 ft (550 m) for use by Eastern Air Lines's STOL capable Breguet 941 turboprop shuttle.[81][82][83]

Instrument landing system approaches are available for runways 4R, 15R, 22L, 27, and 33L, with runways 4R and 33L certified for CAT III operations. The other runways with ILS are certified for CAT I Instrument Landing operations.[84] EMAS pads are located at the starting thresholds of runways 22R and 33L.[85]

Runway 14/32

[edit]

Runway 14/32, which opened to air traffic on November 23, 2006, is unidirectional. Runway 32 is used for landings and 14 is used for takeoffs. Massport is barred by a court order from using the runway for overland landings or takeoffs, except in emergencies.[86]

There was fierce opposition towards the construction of 14/32 among communities adjacent to the northwest side of the airport, such as Chelsea and East Boston, as authorities acknowledged these areas would likely see increased noise levels. Many Residents of Winthrop and Revere also joined in opposition,[87] even though Massport had predicted the new traffic patterns allowed by 14/32 would actually reduce overflights and noise in those areas.

Since the opening of the new runway, there has been disagreement about when and how often it should operate. Residents have demanded a minimum of 11.5-knot (21.3 km/h) northwest winds, slightly higher than the 10-knot (19 km/h; 12 mph) threshold favored by Massport.

The rationale behind constructing the new runway 14/32 was that it reduces the need for improving existing Runway 15L/33R, which, at only 2,557 feet (779 m) is perhaps the shortest hard-surface runways at major airports in the United States.[88] In 1988, Massport had proposed an 800-foot (240 m) extension to 15L/33R (a project which would have required additional filling-in some land along a "clam bed"), but was thwarted by a court injunction.[89][failed verification]

Boston's Hyatt Harborside Hotel, which sits only a few hundred yards from the runway threshold, was built primarily[citation needed] to prevent Massport from ever extending the length of 14/32 or using it for takeoffs or landings over the city. Massachusetts state legislators carefully chose the location of the hotel—directly in the runway centerline—prior to its construction in 1992.[90]

Ground transportation

[edit]
A Blue Line train approaches the northbound platform (left) at Airport station; the southbound platform is on the right side of the image.

Geographically, Logan Airport is located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northeast of Back Bay, a short distance with respect to other airports similarly sized and metropolitan areas served.[91] Located on Route 1A, the airport is accessed from I-93 through the Sumner and Callahan Tunnels, and I-90/Massachusetts Turnpike through the Ted Williams Tunnel.

Massport operates an intercity bus common carrier called Logan Express. It provides shuttle service to remote park and rides located at Back Bay, Braintree, Framingham, Peabody, and Woburn. Massport also operates the Airport Shuttle which provides free service between all terminals, the Airport station on the Blue Line, and the Rental Car Center, as well as additional service to the water transportation dock located on Harborside Drive.[92]

Ride Shares serve the airport via the central parking garage.[93] A handful of livery-plate operators also service the airport offering various chauffeured car, van, or limousine for-hire offerings.

The SL1 branch of the MBTA's Silver Line bus rapid transit service connects all Logan terminals with South Station, a major transportation hub in downtown Boston that is served by MBTA Commuter Rail, Amtrak, the Red Line subway, and intercity bus.[94] Airport station on the MBTA's Blue Line subway, despite its name, is not in the airport terminal itself; free shuttle buses carry passengers between the Airport station and the terminal buildings. The Blue Line connects with the Orange Line at State, which provides service to both North Station and Back Bay, the two other major rail transportation hubs for Boston. A transfer to the Green Line, which also runs to North Station, is available at Government Center station. The SL3 branch of the Silver Line connects Chelsea with the Airport Station.

A 120,000 sq ft (11,000 m2) $310 million rental car center opened on September 24, 2013, consolidating all rental car companies into one shared building. Alamo, Avis, Budget, Dollar, Enterprise, Hertz, National, Payless, Sixt, Thrifty, and Zipcar rental car companies currently operate out of facility, which has 3,200 parking spaces across four levels.[95]

Public safety

[edit]

Police services are provided by the Massachusetts State Police Troop F. Fire protection is the responsibility of the Massport Fire Rescue.[96] Even though the airport is technically within city limits, under Massachusetts state law municipal police such as the Boston Police Department do not have jurisdiction on Massport property.[97]

A 250-foot security zone, established in 2002, surrounds the waters around the airport which are marked by 29 buoys indicating the restricted area. The area is patrolled by the Massachusetts State Police, the Boston Police Department, the Massachusetts Environmental Police, the United States Coast Guard and the Boston and Winthrop Harbormasters. Anyone who enters the zone for non-emergency purposes is subject to prosecution and is entered into a State Police database that tracks offenders.[98][99]

Other facilities

[edit]
Logan control tower along with Continental Airlines aircraft (September 2007)

The distinctive central control tower, nearly a dozen stories high, is a local landmark with its pair of segmented elliptical pylons and a six-story platform trussed between them.

Logan Airport has two cargo facilities: North Cargo is adjacent to Terminal E and South Cargo adjacent to Terminals A and B.[85] North Cargo is also the location of several maintenance hangars, including those operated by American Airlines, Delta through Delta TechOps, and JetBlue.[100]

Signature Aviation operates a FBO in the North Cargo area near runway 15R/33L.[101] Also located on airport property is the Amelia Earhart General Aviation Terminal, which is located near runway 14/32 and next to the Massport Fire Rescue headquarters. The terminal was built in 1980, and dedicated to former Boston resident Earhart in 1984.[102] Until 2006, American Eagle flights flew out of the terminal when all flights were consolidated in the former B22-29 gates in Pier A, the north building of Terminal B. Passengers had to take a shuttle bus from Terminal B to the Earhart Terminal.[103][104] The terminal currently sits mostly unused.

Our Lady of the Airways Chapel at the airport. The chapel is the oldest airport chapel in the United States, opening originally in 1951 in another part of the airport.

Terminal C is home to the airport's chapel, Our Lady of the Airways. Opened in 1951, it is considered the first airport chapel in the United States.[105][106][107] The chapel was originally Catholic, but is now non-denominational.[108][109]

Airlines and destinations

[edit]

Passenger

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
Aer Lingus[110] Dublin, Shannon
Aeroméxico[111] Mexico City
Air Canada[112] Montréal–Trudeau,[113] Toronto–Pearson
Air Canada Express[112] Halifax, Montréal–Trudeau
Air France[114] Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Alaska Airlines[115] Portland (OR), San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma
Allegiant Air[116] Asheville, Destin/Fort Walton Beach, Grand Rapids, Knoxville, Sarasota
American Airlines[117] Austin (ends November 4, 2024),[118] Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Miami, New York–LaGuardia, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Washington–National
Seasonal: Cancún, Montego Bay, Providenciales, Punta Cana
American Eagle[117] Cincinnati, Columbus–Glenn, Harrisburg, Indianapolis, Louisville, Memphis, New York–JFK, Rochester (NY), St. Louis, Syracuse
Seasonal: Halifax, Hilton Head, Key West,[119] Panama City (FL),[120] Traverse City, Washington–National, Wilmington (NC)
Austrian Airlines[121] Vienna
Avianca[122] Bogotá
Avianca El Salvador[123] San Salvador
Azores Airlines[124] Ponta Delgada, Terceira
Seasonal: Funchal,[125] Porto[126]
BermudAir[127] Bermuda
Boutique Air[128] Massena
British Airways[129][better source needed] London–Heathrow
Cape Air[130] Augusta (ME), Bar Harbor, Hyannis, Lebanon (NH), Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Provincetown, Rockland, Rutland, Saranac Lake/Lake Placid
Cathay Pacific[131] Hong Kong
Condor[132] Seasonal: Frankfurt
Copa Airlines[133] Panama City–Tocumen
Delta Air Lines[134] Amsterdam, Atlanta, Austin, Cancún, Charleston (SC), Chicago–O'Hare, Cincinnati, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Jacksonville (FL), Kansas City, Las Vegas, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Nashville, New Orleans, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Orlando, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Raleigh/Durham, Salt Lake City, San Antonio (begins November 11, 2024),[135] San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan, Seattle/Tacoma, Tampa, Tel Aviv (suspended),[136] West Palm Beach
Seasonal: Aruba, Athens, Barcelona (begins May 22, 2025),[137] Bozeman (begins December 21, 2024),[138] Dublin, Edinburgh, Honolulu (begins November 21, 2024),[139] Liberia (CR) (begins January 11, 2025),[140] Lisbon, Milan–Malpensa (begins May 23, 2025),[137] Montego Bay, Myrtle Beach, Nassau, Providenciales,[141] Punta Cana, Rome–Fiumicino, São Paulo–Guarulhos (begins January 6, 2025)[142]
Delta Connection[134] Asheville (begins May 10, 2025),[143] Baltimore, Charleston (SC), Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus–Glenn, Indianapolis, Jacksonville (FL), Kansas City, Louisville, Madison, Memphis, Milwaukee, Nashville, Newark, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Norfolk, Pensacola (begins April 19, 2025),[144] Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Richmond, Savannah, Washington–National
Seasonal: Sarasota (resumes December 21, 2024),[145] Traverse City, Wilmington (NC)
El Al[146] Tel Aviv
Emirates[147] Dubai–International
Etihad Airways[148] Abu Dhabi
Frontier Airlines[149] Atlanta,[150] Charlotte,[150] Cincinnati, Dallas/Fort Worth,[150] Orlando, Philadelphia, Raleigh/Durham, San Juan
Seasonal: Miami, Tampa (both begin December 17, 2024)[151][better source needed]
Hainan Airlines[152] Beijing–Capital
Hawaiian Airlines[153] Honolulu
Iberia[154] Madrid
Icelandair[155] Reykjavík–Keflavík
ITA Airways[156] Rome–Fiumicino
Japan Airlines[157] Tokyo–Narita
JetBlue[158] Aruba, Atlanta, Austin, Barbados, Bermuda, Buffalo, Cancún, Charleston (SC), Chicago–O'Hare, Cleveland, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Grenada, Houston–Intercontinental, Jacksonville (FL), Las Vegas, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Miami, Montego Bay, Nashville, Nassau, New Orleans, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Orlando, Paris–Charles de Gaulle,[159] Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Pittsburgh, Presque Isle,[160] Punta Cana, Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan, Santiago de los Caballeros, Santo Domingo–Las Américas, Savannah, Seattle/Tacoma, Syracuse, Tampa, Washington–National, West Palm Beach
Seasonal: Amsterdam, Asheville, Bozeman, Dublin,[159] Grand Cayman, Hayden/Steamboat Springs, Key West, Liberia (CR), London–Gatwick,[161] Martha's Vineyard, Milwaukee, Nantucket, Portland (OR), Providenciales, Puerto Plata, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Jose (CA), Sarasota, St. Lucia–Hewanorra, St. Maarten, St. Thomas, Vancouver
KLM[162] Amsterdam
Korean Air[163] Seoul–Incheon
LATAM Brasil[164] São Paulo–Guarulhos
Level[165] Barcelona
Lufthansa[166] Frankfurt, Munich
Play[167] Reykjavík–Keflavík
Porter Airlines[168] Ottawa, Toronto–Billy Bishop
Qatar Airways[169] Doha
Scandinavian Airlines[170] Copenhagen
Southwest Airlines[171] Baltimore, Chicago–Midway, Denver, Nashville, St. Louis
Seasonal: Austin,[172] Dallas–Love,[172] Houston–Hobby, Orlando (resumes February 15, 2025)[173]
Spirit Airlines[174] Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago–O'Hare (ends December 3, 2024),[175] Dallas/Fort Worth, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Houston–Intercontinental,[176] Kansas City (ends November 4, 2024),[177] Los Angeles, Myrtle Beach, Nashville (ends November 4, 2024),[178], Newark[179], Norfolk (ends November 4, 2024),[180] Orlando, San Juan, Tampa
Sun Country Airlines[181] Minneapolis/St. Paul
Swiss International Air Lines[182] Zurich
TAP Air Portugal[183] Lisbon
Turkish Airlines[184] Istanbul
United Airlines[185] Chicago–O'Hare, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, Los Angeles, Newark, San Francisco, Washington–Dulles
United Express[186] Chicago–O'Hare, Newark, Washington–Dulles
Virgin Atlantic[187] London–Heathrow
WestJet[188] Seasonal: Calgary

Seaplane

[edit]

Tailwind Air began operating seasonal seaplane service from Boston Harbor's Fan Pier Marina to Manhattan on August 3, 2021,[189] Plymouth in 2022,[190] Provincetown on May 25, 2022,[191] and Nantucket on May 17, 2023.[192] Cape Air is approved but has not yet begun scheduled service.[193]

Cargo

[edit]

Logan Airport is a medium-sized airport in terms of cargo, handling 684,875 tons of freight in 2012, making it the 10th busiest airport in the U.S. in terms of cargo. It handles many U.S.-based cargo airlines, including DHL Aviation, FedEx Express and UPS Airlines. It also has cargo offices for many international cargo carriers, including British Airways World Cargo, Cathay Pacific Cargo, China Airlines Cargo, EVA Air Cargo, LATAM Cargo Chile, Lufthansa Cargo, Martinair Cargo, and Saudia Cargo.[194][195] It has two cargo complexes: the North Cargo Terminal, located near Terminal E, and South Cargo, located near Terminal A.[85] Given that the airport is the 10th busiest cargo facility in the country, with many companies operating at the airport, it has been recognized that future expansion of cargo from Logan is limited due to constrained physical space for expansion.[196]

AirlinesDestinations
Ameriflight Newark
Atlas Air Cincinnati
FedEx Express Greensboro, Indianapolis, Memphis, Newark
UPS Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Louisville, Philadelphia

Statistics

[edit]

Top destinations

[edit]
Busiest domestic routes from BOS (January 2023 – December 2023)[197]
Rank Airport Passengers Airlines served
1 Atlanta, Georgia 771,000 Delta, JetBlue, Spirit
2 Orlando, Florida 763,000 Delta, Frontier, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit
3 Washington–National, D.C. 761,000 American, Delta, JetBlue
4 Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois 727,000 American, Delta, JetBlue, Spirit, United
5 San Francisco, California 660,000 Alaska, Delta, JetBlue, United
6 Los Angeles, California 612,000 American, Delta, JetBlue, United
7 Charlotte, North Carolina 569,000 American, Delta, JetBlue
8 Miami, Florida 561,000 American, Delta, Frontier, JetBlue
9 Denver, Colorado 527,000 Delta, JetBlue, Southwest, United
10 New York-LGA, New York 521,000 American, Delta, JetBlue
Busiest international routes from BOS (October 2022 – September 2023)[198]
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1 London–Heathrow, United Kingdom 865,698 American, British Airways, Delta, JetBlue, Virgin Atlantic
2 Paris–Charles de Gaulle, France 425,687 Air France, Delta
3 Dublin, Ireland 390,163 Aer Lingus, Delta
4 Amsterdam, Netherlands 387,709 Delta, JetBlue, KLM
5 Reykjavík–Keflavík, Iceland 295,814 Icelandair, PLAY
6 Lisbon, Portugal 251,946 Delta, TAP Air Portugal
7 Oranjestad, Aruba 247,091 Delta, JetBlue
8 Zürich, Switzerland 244,714 Swiss
9 Toronto–Pearson, Canada 243,376 Air Canada, American, WestJet
10 Frankfurt, Germany 228,762 Condor, Lufthansa

Airline market share

[edit]
Busiest airlines serving BOS
(October 2022 – September 2023)[199]
Rank Carrier Passengers Share
1 JetBlue 9,581,000 30.17%
2 Delta Air Lines 6,764,000 21.30%
3 American Airlines 4,635,000 14.59%
4 United Airlines 3,411,000 10.74%
5 Southwest Airlines 1,585,000 4.99%
- Other* 5,785,000 18.21%

* - Includes flights operated by American Eagle, Delta Connection, and United Express partner airlines. The specific airline total passenger numbers only include mainline operations.

Annual traffic

[edit]
Annual passenger traffic at BOS airport. See Wikidata query.
Annual traffic[200]
Passengers Change from previous year Aircraft operations Total cargo
(freight, express, & mail)
(lbs.)
1998 26,526,708 N/A 507,449 803,841,263
1999 27,052,078 Increase02.0% 494,816 824,167,499
2000 27,726,833 Increase02.5% 487,996 852,347,154
2001 24,474,930 Decrease011.7% 463,125 744,797,296
2002 22,696,141 Decrease07.3% 392,079 789,610,008
2003 22,791,169 Increase00.4% 373,304 744,838,287
2004 26,142,516 Increase014.7% 405,258 759,274,990
2005 27,087,905 Increase03.6% 409,066 741,517,308
2006 27,725,443 Increase02.4% 406,119 679,068,089
2007 28,102,455 Increase01.4% 399,537 632,449,775
2008 26,102,651 Decrease07.1% 371,604 587,772,302
2009 25,512,086 Decrease02.3% 345,306 517,557,182
2010 27,428,962 Increase07.5% 352,643 546,379,403
2011 28,907,938 Increase05.4% 368,987 529,212,783
2012 29,325,617 Increase01.4% 354,869 525,392,642
2013 30,318,631 Increase03.4% 361,339 538,192,790
2014 31,634,445 Increase04.7% 363,797 585,459,955
2015 33,449,580 Increase05.7% 372,930 575,781,601
2016 36,288,042 Increase08.5% 391,222 616,933,699
2017 38,412,419 Increase05.9% 401,371 679,407,977
2018 40,941,925 Increase06.6% 424,024 704,200,557
2019 42,522,411 Increase03.9% 427,176 688,939,147
2020 12,618,128 Decrease070.3% 206,702 575,471,964
2021 22,678,499 Increase079.7% 266,034 617,962,396
2022 36,090,716 Increase059.1% 378,613 645,688,980
2023 40,833,978 Increase013.1% 395,146 565,119,946

Accidents and incidents

[edit]

Accidents

[edit]
  • On June 5, 1930, A Colonial Air Transport Ford Trimotor bound for New York went nose down after takeoff and crashed into the sea. The aircraft came to rest in seven feet (2.1 m) of water. One passenger died out of the 13 passengers and two crew.[201]
  • On October 4, 1960, Eastern Air Lines Flight 375, a Lockheed L-188 Electra crashed into the sea while attempting to take off from Logan Airport. Sixty-two people died and ten people survived, incurring serious injuries.[202]
  • On November 15, 1961, A Vickers Viscount N6592C of Northeast Airlines collided with a Douglas DC-6 N8228H of National Airlines after landing at Logan International Airport. The DC-6 had started to take off without receiving clearance to do so.[203][204]
  • On March 10, 1964, a Slick Airways DC-4 crashed 1.3 mi (2.1 km) southwest of Logan while on final approach. All three occupants were killed. Loss of control due to accumulation of ice on the horizontal stabilizer, causing the aircraft to pitch down, was the probable cause.[205]
  • On July 31, 1973, Delta Air Lines Flight 723 crashed while on an ILS instrument approach in heavy fog. The DC-9 struck a seawall, killing all 89 occupants. Two people initially survived, but later succumbed to their injuries.[206] It is considered the deadliest crash to occur at Logan Airport.[207]
  • On November 3, 1973, Pan Am Flight 160, a Boeing 707-321C cargo aircraft, crashed on approach to Boston-Logan. Smoke in the cockpit caused the pilots to lose control. All three crewmembers died in the accident.[208]
  • On December 17, 1973, Iberia Airlines Flight 933 from Madrid Barajas International Airport collided with the ALS system 500 feet (150 m) short of the runway threshold, critically damaging the front landing gear and causing it to collapse. The aircraft came to a rest 300 feet (91 m) short of the runway. All 168 onboard survived; however, the aircraft was written off and was the first hull loss of a DC-10.
  • On January 23, 1982, World Airways Flight 30 from Newark to Boston made a non-precision instrument approach to runway 15R and touched down 2,800 feet (850 m) past the displaced threshold on an icy runway. When the crew sensed that the DC-10-30-CF could not be stopped on the remaining runway, they steered the DC-10 off the side of the runway to avoid the approach light pier, and slid into the shallow water of Boston Harbor. The nose section separated as the DC-10 came to rest 250 feet (76 m) past the runway end, 110 feet (34 m) left of the extended centerline. Two passengers were never found and are presumed to have been swept out to sea.[209]

Incidents

[edit]
Gate C19 was the departure gate for United Airlines Flight 175 on 9/11.
  • On October 2, 1954, a Massachusetts Air National Guard F94 Starfire experienced engine failure and crashed near Logan Airport. Its pilot, First Lieutenant James O. Conway, sacrificed his life by veering the plane into an embankment on Bayswater Street in East Boston. A memorial was placed nearby.[210]
  • On March 17, 1970, Eastern Air Lines Shuttle Flight 1320 was en route to Boston Airport when a suicidal man armed with a revolver stormed the cockpit and shot both pilots. The co-pilot managed to wrestle the gun from the hijacker and shoot him before he died. The wounded pilot managed to land the plane and the hijacker was arrested.
  • On July 2, 1976, an unoccupied Eastern Airlines L-188 Electra parked at Boston Logan Airport was destroyed by a bomb planted in the landing gear compartment. No one was injured.[211]
  • On September 17, 1979, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 with the registration C-FTLU operating as Air Canada Flight 680 left Boston for Yarmouth, NS. 14 minutes after taking off from Logan, the entire tailcone section of the aircraft separated resulting in rapid decompression at an altitude of 25,000 feet (7,600 m) and leaving a large hole in the rear fuselage. A beverage cart and other items in the cabin were sucked out of the aircraft over the Atlantic Ocean, but there were no fatalities or significant injuries. The aircraft safely returned to Boston without further incident. Fatigue cracks were determined to be the cause. Four years later, this same aircraft would be destroyed by a fire on June 2, 1983, as Air Canada Flight 797.
  • In the September 11 attacks, two Los Angeles-bound flights, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, originated and departed from Logan Airport. Both flights were hijacked by al-Qaeda terrorists and flown into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, ultimately leading to their destruction. American flags now fly over gates B32 and C19, the respective gates that the two planes pushed back from on this day. Under political pressure, acting Governor Jane Swift forced the CEO of Massport to resign, but it was later determined that the failure had been with the airline security checkpoint policy of allowing small knives, and not anything to do with Logan management.[212]
  • On June 9, 2005, US Airways Flight 1170 and Aer Lingus Flight 132 narrowly avoided colliding after they were cleared for takeoff nearly simultaneously on intersecting runways by two different air traffic controllers. The crew of the US Airways flight spotted the oncoming Aer Lingus jet and avoided a collision by keeping their own aircraft on the runway past their normal rotation point, allowing the Aer Lingus flight to pass over them. Both flights lifted off safely and continued to their destinations without further incident.
  • On January 7, 2013, ground crew workers noticed smoke coming out from the battery compartment in a parked Japan Airlines Boeing 787 Dreamliner at the gate.[213] This fire was caused by overcharged lithium-ion batteries, eventually leading to the grounding of the worldwide Boeing 787 fleet[214] and subsequent redesign of the battery systems.[215]
  • In March 2023, on a United Airlines flight from Los Angeles to Boston, a passenger attempted to open the emergency doors in flight and stabbed a flight attendant who tried to stop him. Upon the flight's landing, the passenger was charged with interference with flight crew members and using a dangerous weapon.[216]
  • On September 17, 2024, a Cessna 402, registration N18VV operated by Cape Air destined for Hancock County-Bar Harbor Airport returned to Logan Airport after takeoff due to issues reported with the landing gear. Although only one landing wheel was successfully deployed, the aircraft landed safely and no injuries were reported among the two passengers and one crew member on board.[217][218]

Alternative airports

[edit]

The two historically known alternative airports to Logan are both located outside Massachusetts. Manchester–Boston Regional Airport in Manchester, New Hampshire, is located approximately 56 statute miles (90 km) north-northwest of Logan, an average drive time of 62 minutes via I-90 and I-93. T. F. Green Airport in Warwick, Rhode Island, is located 60 statute miles (97 km) south-southwest of Logan, averaging 76 minutes from Logan via I-90, I-93, and I-95, or a 100-minute ride via the Silver Line SL1 bus to South Station and then the Providence/Stoughton Line commuter rail to T. F. Green Airport station.[219] Massport does not operate these facilities.

Massport does operate Worcester Regional Airport in Worcester, Massachusetts, which also serves as an alternative to Logan, although not widely known as such. In late 2017, the airport finished construction on a Category IIIb Landing System that would allow for arrivals and departures in virtually all weather conditions.[220] The increased reliability, which has been the main concern for airlines operating at the notoriously foggy airport over the years, was expected to draw additional service. The airport is located 47 statute miles (76 km) due west of Logan, primarily accessed via Interstates I-90 and I-290.

See also

[edit]

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[edit]
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[edit]
External videos
video icon Lt. General Edward Logan Statue Dedication at Logan Airport on May 20, 1956, an 8mm amateur film by one John L. Kelly of East Boston
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Logan International Airport.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Boston Logan International Airport.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logan_International_Airport&oldid=1253723431"