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The open source community

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The lead should have a small paragraph about the relation between the Free Software community and the Open Source community. This would be supported by the now named Subgroups and schisms section. Belorn (talk) 16:47, 22 April 2012 (UTC)[reply]

I fixed your proposal.93.129.248.127 (talk) 10:04, 29 September 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Style

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Specifically regarding where quotations are more prolific, there seems to be some mixing of 'free software movement' and 'free-software movement' used. Which is proper? Raider480 (talk) 01:50, 28 February 2014 (UTC)[reply]

"Free Software Movement" is correct.Paradox (talk) 03:40, 13 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]
It should be "free-software movement" as "free software" is a compound modifier to "movement"; this is just the proper usage of punctuation in the English language. LordOfPens (talk) 16:52, 7 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
The policy you should read is WP:COMMONNAME. Appealing to your grammar preferences does not override the rest of the world calling it "free software" without a hyphen. lethargilistic (talk) 16:57, 7 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
This is not a grammar preference; this is a fundamental part of English grammar. When referring to the software, it is "free software"; when referring to the movement, it is "free-software movement". LordOfPens (talk) 17:06, 7 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
It's the name of a movement and they self-identify this way, not hyphenated. lethargilistic (talk) 20:11, 7 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Not all of us identify as such, and the movement is not unified enough to have a collective preference one way or the other. In such a circumstance, I believe the spelling should default to proper English. LordOfPens (talk) 16:35, 9 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]
This last reply came after I opened the WP:DRN discussion due to the breadth of this editing pattern. All further discussion should take place there. (It is listed under "User talk:LordOfPens") lethargilistic (talk) 19:01, 9 November 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Category:Free software movement

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I've created this category, please help to populate. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 06:08, 3 November 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Free and open-source software movement

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I have added alt name free and open-source software movement' to the lead, but I am having second thoughts. I wonder if free and open-source software movement is a distinct topic in need of stubbing or should it be discussed here. I am familiar with the free software vs open software debate, but I think related literature on the movement often talks about one free and open-source software movement, of which both the free software movement and open-source software movement are parts. GBooks for "Free software movement" gives about 5k hits ([1]), "open-source software" just a little less, about 4k ("https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=%22Free+software+movement%22#tbm=bks&q=%22open-source+software+movement%22"), and "free and open-source software movement", about 1k ([2]). Open-source software movement redirected to Open-source software, but movement =/= software, just like free software =/= free software movement, through that article does discuss open software movement a bit in its history (Open-source_software#End_of_1990s:_Foundation_of_the_Open_Source_Initiative). So I have the following questions to the community:

I wonder how much content of the current free software movement and open-source software needs splitting/rewriting because of this. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 06:23, 3 November 2015 (UTC)[reply]

You can educate yourself on the matter via the FSF's website. As to your question, "free and open source software movement" should not be its own page because such a movement does not exist, nor does at least one of the two relevant movements wish to be lumped together. However, regarding software itself (not movements), there is the concept FLOSS, which is meant to be a neutral term to refer to both types of software. Paradox (talk) 03:53, 13 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]
@Piotrus: I take the point made in the reply by @Adroit: but I think it's fair to say there *is* a larger movement that includes some partisans from both the free software and open source movements, as well as many who see themselves as non-partisan. One that champions the deeper software freedom principles underlying both the Free Software Definition and the Open Source Definition. I refer to that as the "software freedom movement" and this phrase is widely used by movement elders and organisations, eg:
It has been used in the wild for at least a decade, eg:
https://www.greanvillepost.com/2013/10/12/the-software-freedom-movement/
It can also be found in academic papers on the subject, eg:
https://doi.org/10.1080/07317131.2018.1456849
--Danylstrype (talk) 03:28, 17 February 2024 (UTC)[reply]
@Danylstrype Clearly, there is much confusion, including the problematic situation right now, with Free and open-source software movement redirecting here but the concept not being mentioned in the text, outside List of free and open-source software organizations. This should either be mentioned here, or turned into a disambig. And it is a thing, with several hundred academic works mentioning this term: [3] Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 04:32, 17 February 2024 (UTC)[reply]
Yes, "free and open-source software movement" is a phrase in wide use. I'm agreeing with you that this concept needs its own page, and that both that phrase and "software freedom movement", need to direct readers to said page. The latter seems like a clearer description of what both Free Software and Open Source partisans agree on, so I'd suggest it's the more appropriate title for the article. But it's not a hill I care to die on. Danylstrype (talk) 00:55, 20 February 2024 (UTC)[reply]
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I think I found the rename, but don't know enough about Peru to know for sure: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Use_of_free_software_in_public_agencies

2601:647:201:3200:848C:7682:5E31:EA30 (talk) 21:31, 31 December 2015 (UTC)[reply]

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Merger proposals: the issue of the separate Open-source software movement article

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The issue

So as of right now there are two separate pages for "Free software movement" and "Open-source software movement".
However, in reality it's just one movement with various subfactions, subphilosophies, subpriorities and/or subaspects and an internal disagreement about where the exclusion-line of the movement lies. Having two pages ending with "movement" is misleading and is confusing to readers.

A short history:

  • In 1983 Richard Stallman and the GNU Project organized, articulated and declared a movement incorporating, standardizing and unifying philosophies, practices and ideas of hacker communities calling it the "free software movement" that is about the freedom of users to use, investigate, change and redistribute software − called "free software" − that this movement produces and otherwise supports
  • Later (mainly) businesses picked up some ideas, practices and tools of the movement by developing/implementing open source development practices which for them is less an ethical one than a practical one
  • Present day the movement is somewhat splintered; companies try to boost their reputation as well as software-quality and -security (and thereby also the adoption of their software) by publicizing the source code under non-"free" licenses and try to make it appear as if they were leaders of this movement (and thereby also attract and motivate employees). Many free software movement people support companies doing this and thank them for at least making their source code public. Furthermore many free software movement people are employed by such companies and/or involved in some of their open-source projects.

Having two separate pages is in the interest of some companies due to the latter point (marketing etc) and those that seek to divide the movement and also make it less effective and popular due to confusion about what it is and the right terminology and association. Note that it's not my intention to factor out the participation of companies - their open/public source or even "free" software efforts are still relevant and related to the (one) movement. Nor am I trying to disassociate the movement from its philosophy, values, intentions or origins. Also take note that no individual or institution − no matter how influential to the movement, respectable and noble − decides over a true social movement. Egoism and some statements by popular figures within the movement might actually be detrimental to the movement and not reflect it properly.
There might even be outside purposeful efforts to coopt and split the community/movement to make it less effective and disruptive involved. However I think the "split" was probably just an issue of failed collective -terminology-establishment, -decision-making and -organization.
Please do have an open mind and don't comment immediately with whatever your current stance might be: instead please first read through the post and potentially rethink some things. I'm really only trying to have this important part of present-day reality described in the most accurate way here.

→ Basically it's like this: all free software also has its source-code publicly available, software that only has its source code made public but isn't using a FOSS license makes it more "free" but not as free as members of this movement would like to have. The movement is like a large stream with branches and flooded areas. The definition of "open" in this context is key but it's not really(/necessarily) what's being addressed here and now. Please also see the sources below.

My suggestion for resolution

I suggest to:

There could also be new subsections. (e.g. "Aspects", "Extents of software freedom", "Philosophies", "Advantages", "Values", "Free software", "Licenses and terminology", "'Free' vs. 'open'" or alike)

For an ideal, long-term solution I'd like to note that "open" in and of itself does not have to include any non-free licenses. Instead people could start to distinguish between "open" source (free) and "public" source (non-free) code. Using the term "free software" is highly problematic as people will keep associating it with free as in free beer/free of charge while "open source" is a more popular term that is more widely understood and typically also refers to what is meant with "free software". However while the term "open" seems to be more accurate people have to use the term "free" to distinguish themselves from this "open source but not free"-model.

Sources

Unfortunately, there is some confusion in terminology in the open-source community. First of all, there are two competing names for the movement (some would say two separate, but similar, movements). [...] the name "open-source" is less ambiguous than "free software" [...] [this] choice of name is not intended to imply endorsement of the open-source philosophy over the free software philosophy: It is only for easy of comprehension.

~Gregoire, Marc (2014). Professional C++. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118858134. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

The OSS movement arose in the 1990s (DiBona, Ockmann, & Stone, 1999) from the smaller, more fervent "free software" movement

~Elliott, Margaret S.; Kraemer, Kenneth L. (2008). Computerization Movements and Technology Diffusion: From Mainframes to Ubiquitous Computing. Information Today, Inc. ISBN 9781573873116. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

And it is even less appropriate to try to define the movement(s) by adopting the current shifting projections of those who are obviously hostile to it. A discussion of open source that is pushed forward by a turgid analysis of rhetoric or a focus of assertive personalities, personal clashes and dissection of the community into factions sheds little light on the broader structures and connections at work that help define an open source and free software sensibility in relation to the rest of the world. A more focused and practical way of understanding the formation of this 'community' - its distinctions and the achievements of the 'movement' - (if indeed it is to live up to the political expectations inherent in that term) is needed.

~Bowrey, Kathy (2005). Law and Internet Cultures. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521600484. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

The mounting free software movement has always cared deeply about the freedom to innovate and to publish. After prudent re-branding in order not to frighten business-school-bred executives it is now called the open-source software movement

~Kelen, András (2001). The Gratis Economy: Privately Provided Public Goods. Central European University Press. ISBN 9789639241336. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

it was at just this moment that Free Software was becoming aware of itself as a coherent movement and not just a diverse amalgamation of projects, tools, or practices. ironically, this recognition also betokened a split: certain parties started to insist that the movement be called "Open Source" software instead, to highlight the practical over the ideological commitments of the movement. [...] This enigmatic event, in which a movement became aware of itself at the same time that it began to question its mission, is the subject of chapter 3. I use the term movement to designate one of the five core components of Free Software: the practices of argument and disagreement about the meaning of Free Software.

~Kelty, Christopher M. (2008). Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software. Duke University Press. ISBN 0822389002. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

Unlike Stallman's emphasis on sharing and morality, Raymond emphasizes the practical aspects of open source that leads to its technical superiority.

~Kirk, St Amant (2007). Handbook of Research on Open Source Software: Technological, Economic, and Social Perspectives: Technological, Economic, and Social Perspectives. Idea Group Inc (IGI). ISBN 9781591408925. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

Those who support the open source software position emphasise the technical, rather than moral and political, benefits of FOSS

~Croeser, Sky (2014). Global Justice and the Politics of Information: The struggle over knowledge. Routledge. ISBN 9781317629825. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

e-mail response from Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU project, in which he argued that by using this title all relevant and important work of the Free Software community would be subsumed by the Open Source movement (which of course was never intended), and its very existence denied.

~Koch, Stefan (2005). Free/open Source Software Development. Idea Group Inc (IGI). ISBN 9781591403715. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

it would be helpful to define what we mean by "free" and "open source". Remidez, Laffey and Musser (2001) explicitly state that the open-source model is not a set model or procedure for developing software. It is closer to a philosophy than a process" (p. 2). At the heart of open source software philosophy is the concept of "free" [...] on a practical level, the open source movement and the free software movement overlap one another considerably. And, for the purposes of this chapter the terms free, open source, and FOSS are used interchangably. [...] the majority agree that open source software can be defined as software whose source code is freely available to the user to examine, modify, and redistribute [...] FOSS contrasts sharply with proprietary or closed-source software [...] For O'Dell (2004), the major stepping off point for the open source movement began in 1989 with the release of the World Wide Web specification by Tim berners-Lee and the team at CERN.

~Özkan, Czerkawski, Betul (2010). Free and Open Source Software for E-Learning: Issues, Successes and Challenges: Issues, Successes and Challenges. Idea Group Inc (IGI). ISBN 9781615209187. Retrieved 11 July 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

The Linux and open source movement has instigated "religious wars" between different camps [...] Debian is a community-developed, open source Linux distribution). Bruce and other leads of the open source movement agreed to adopt this social contract as the official Open Source Definition (OSD). Bruce is therefor credited as the primary author of the OSD. It should be noted that those who subscribe to the pure notion of free software, including Richard Stallman, do not agree with the change of name to "open source".

~Fink, Martin (2003). The Business and Economics of Linux and Open Source. Prentice Hall Professional. ISBN 9780130476777. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

There is one serious fracture in the open source movement, between those who believe in "open source" software

~Feller, Joseph (2005). Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262062466. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

The geekiest hangouts on the Net and Web-the open source and free software movement sites-are the vast, hivelike communities of worker geeks patching together cheap and efficient new software that they distribute freely and generously to one another. [...] and to the open source and free software movements. (this is a global geek political movement committed to building good software and distributing it for free, so that a handful of corporations won't dominate the Web the way they do the rest of the world.)

~Katz, Jon (2000). Geeks: How Two Lost Boys Rode the Internet out of Idaho. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 9780375505188. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

Bioinformatics is one of many fields benefiting from the open-source movement, an offshoot of the free software movement in the computer industry.

~Hoffman, William; Furcht, Leo (2014). The Biologist's Imagination: Innovation in the Biosciences. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199361328. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

According to (berdou, 2007) the term "open source" or "free software" can be interpreted from three different angles, individually or in combination: [...] 3. A movement based on the ideals of the hacker culture, which is premised upon the freedom to use, create and tinker with the software

~Georgios, Kouroupetroglou (2013). Assistive Technologies and Computer Access for Motor Disabilities. IGI Global. ISBN 9781466644397. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

The term "open source" emerged during a strategy session between several hackers of the early open software movement. [...] Although the basics of open source remain the same since the start of the movement, the current definition of open source has been expanded [...] The FOSS movement emerged as a fundamentally new, decentralized, participatory and transparent system to develop software in contrast to the closed box, top-down and secretive standard commercial approach.

~Pearce, Joshua M. (2013). Open-Source Lab: How to Build Your Own Hardware and Reduce Research Costs. Newnes. ISBN 9780124104860. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

This open-source social movement has resulted in a variety of digital contents that are licensed for free and open-use by others. the freedoms spelled out in the open-source movement related to software related to software include four basic levels of freedom (to summarize): [...] The open source movement is a well established model of production which is influencing not only the computer industry but as an analogy, a number of other sectors such as geo-information sector.

~Resources, Management Association, Information (2014). Open Source Technology: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global. ISBN 9781466672314. Retrieved 11 July 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Under the shiny surface of commercialism, however, a new generation of hackers was forming a new movement. Linked together via the Internet and the World Wide Web, this was a global movement vastly bigger and more resourceful than prior hacker communities had ever been. [...] The last thing they wanted was to alienate potential partners in business and industry by what they saw as Stallman's "infamous" confrontational attitude. Stallman on his side did little to ease the tension. [...] As one person put it, "Open source is a development methodology; free software is a social movement." [...] it had for all practical purposes created two separate wings, a left and a right as it were, within the braoder movement. Many, even within the OSI, thought this schism was an unfortunate turn of events. Perens, for instance, had originally envisioned the OSI as a gentle introduction to the deeper philosophy of free software, rather than a separate movement [...] When we founded Open Source, my understanding was that Open Source would be a gentle introduction to Free Software and not a separate movement. I would never have participated in open Source for the purpose of creating a schism. especially now, it is important that we stand together.

~Inter/vention: Free Play in the Age of Electracy. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262300902. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

Open source is much a philosophy or a movement as a body of software made available under open licenses. [...] The Free and Open Source movement has had a phenomenal impact on the industry's evolution [...] The open source software movement is considered by many to be a key to moving education forward. open source involves licensing one's software in a way that others may use it and redistribute it and even modify it, often with no cost involved. This movement has also spawned a parallel open education movement [...] Software reuse opportunities open up on three axes: what to reuse, how to reuse it, and where to reuse it. Movement along these three axes increases the breadth of software reuse opportunities in any development effort.

~Browning, J. Burton (2010). Open-source Solutions in Education: Theory and Practice. Informing Science. ISBN 9781932886269. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

Notified WikiProjects, communities, users

Let's please have this important discussion now: please do participate with arguments, relevant information, relevant suggestions and your opinions. Thank you.

--Fixuture (talk) 21:03, 11 July 2017 (UTC)[reply]

California Kidd -- I oppose the merger as well. These are two different issues Free Software vs. Open-source Software.

Free software implies that there will be no license or a very brief license which generally states there is no license. This license is offered without any requirements or future obligations. You may use the software to create a software empire, like Microsoft, incidentally, other tech companies did just that for Microsoft.

Absolutely each word of this paragraph is complete bollocks and the opposite of what is correct. --87.79.180.142 (talk) 16:01, 15 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]

However, an Open-source license implies that the purpose of the license is to perpetuate the open-source software movement.

Absolutely each word of this paragraph is complete bollocks and the opposite of what is correct. --87.79.180.142 (talk) 16:01, 15 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]

If you read the license you will see code requirements. Whether they stand in court or not is not the most important, but instead the continuation of the movement is the purpose of the license. This may be considered good or bad because of continued support for the product or feelings of continued interference.

19 July 2017: 1:14pm pst — Preceding unsigned comment added by CaliforniaKidd (talk • contribs) 20:17, 19 July 2017 (UTC)[reply]

That's not the case. In fact, I think you'll find "open-source" advocates are less likely to use copyleft licenses. Eman235/talk 20:28, 19 July 2017 (UTC)[reply]
I also wonder where User:CaliforniaKidd is getting this information, which is easily contradicted. Just look at the long list of free software licences. MartinPoulter (talk) 12:34, 16 October 2017 (UTC)[reply]
This proposal is based on false premises. Some of the literature cited includes the same misconceptions, which has indeed een part of the problem. However, one need look no further than the FSF's own site to refute the opening statement "So as of right now there are two separate pages for "Free software movement" and "Open-source software movement". However, in reality it's just one movement". --
"We are not against the Open Source movement, but we don't want to be lumped in with them. We acknowledge that they have contributed to our community, but we created this community, and we want people to know this. We want people to associate our achievements with our values and our philosophy, not with theirs. We want to be heard, not obscured behind a group with different views. To prevent people from thinking we are part of them, we take pains to avoid using the word “open” to describe free software, or its contrary, “closed”, in talking about non-free software."
In light of this, the proposal should probably be closed soon. Furthermore, the idea that "free software" is the more ambiguous term is not necessarily obvious. In fact, "open source" being too ambiguous is one of the listed reasons the Free Software movement avoids the term. Paradox (talk) 04:04, 13 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]
Of course NO merger here! The Free Software Movement is something different than the concept of Open Source, which, is no movement at all, but a technical term. --87.79.180.142 (talk) 15:57, 15 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]
I strongly oppose this proposal. Their philosophies are very different. The free software movement is concerned in giving freedom to the users of a software, because they believe it is the right way to do. They want to revive the hacker culture. The open source movement, on the other hand, uses the benefit of giving freedom to the user to further improve one's software. They aren't however obligated to give the freedoms, as can be seen in Google, who commonly uses the fruits of the FLOSS community to create nonfree/closed source software. Merging these two movements in one article is like merging the fork and the original in one article. im temtem • hOI!! • fsfdfg 11:54, 23 April 2018 (UTC)[reply]

California proposal

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The source for the proposed law is a news article from 2002 about an advocacy effort. I can't find any other coverage so I assume no bill was ever actually introduced in the legislature. Is this notable enough to remain in the article? I'm leaning towards no, but curious to hear other perspectives. Zeldafanjtl (talk) 23:38, 25 September 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Couldn't find any information on "California Legislative Information".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link), but I'm not sure if it's the right place to look. Internet is quiet, too. I'm going to remove the information. – K4rolB (talk) 11:08, 26 September 2019 (UTC)[reply]

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion

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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion:

Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:37, 3 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Removal of "Stallman and Torvalds" subsection

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Regarding latest edit by @Lavendirt: while I generally welcome those changes, I would like to contest the removal of "Stallman and Torvalds" subsection. It described an element of the split between pragmatic and ethical proponents of FLOSS and two main characters on both sides. I think it is relevant to context. If it does not warrant the separate subsection, it could be a part of "Open source" subsection. – K4rolB (talk) 14:12, 15 March 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Hi,
Thanks so much for the feedback on my edit! While drafting the edit, I was unsure where to place the Stallman and Torvalds subsection so I removed it, but I agree that it could work well being part of the "open source" subsection. I mainly wanted to address the repetition in "Subgroups and Schisms" with my edit. Hope this helps! Lavendirt (talk) 21:21, 15 March 2023 (UTC)[reply]
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