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Reading Rainbow

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Reading Rainbow
GenreChildren's television series

Educational television

Reading
Created by
  • Cecily Truett Lancit
  • Larry Lancit
  • Twila Liggett
  • Lynne Ganek
  • Tony Buttino
Presented byLeVar Burton
Theme music composerSteve Horelick
Dennis Neil Kleinman
Janet Weir
ComposerSteve Horelick
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons21
No. of episodes155 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producersDavid McCourt
Twila Liggett
LeVar Burton
Tony Buttino (1983–1998)
Running time30 minutes
Production companiesLancit Media Productions (1983-2001)
RCN Entertainment (2002)
On Screen Entertainment (2004-2006)
WNED-TV
Original release
NetworkPBS (1983–1999)
PBS Kids (1999–2006)
ReleaseJuly 11, 1983 (1983-07-11)[1][2] –
November 10, 2006 (2006-11-10)[3][4]

Reading Rainbow is an American educational children's television series that originally aired on PBS and afterward PBS Kids from July 11, 1983[1][2] to November 10, 2006, with reruns continuing to air until August 28, 2009.[5] 155 30-minute episodes were produced over 23 seasons. Before its official premiere, the show aired for test audiences in the Nebraska and Buffalo, New York markets (their PBS member stations, the Nebraska ETV [now Nebraska Public Media] and WNED-TV, respectively, were co-producers of the show).

The purpose of the show was to encourage a love of books and reading among children. In 2012, an iPad and Kindle Fire educational interactive book reading and video field trip application was launched bearing the name of the program.[6]

The public television series garnered over 200 broadcast awards, including a Peabody Award and 26 Emmy Awards, 10 of which were in the "Outstanding Children's Series" category.[7] The concept of a reading series for children originated with Twila Liggett, PhD who in partnership with Cecily Truett Lancit and Larry Lancit, at Lancit Media Productions in New York created the television series. The original team also included Lynne Brenner Ganek, Ellen Schecter, and host LeVar Burton. The show's title was conceived by an unknown intern at WNED.[8]

Each episode centered on a topic from a featured children's book that was explored through a number of on-location segments or stories. The show also recommended books for children to look for when they went to the library.[5]

After the show's cancellation on November 10, 2006, reruns aired until August 28, 2009, when it was removed from the schedule.[3] At the time, it was the third-longest running children's series in PBS history, after Sesame Street and Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.[note 1] It was the first PBS children's show to be broadcast in stereo. On June 20, 2012, the Reading Rainbow App was released for the iPad and, within 36 hours, became the #1 most-downloaded educational app in the iTunes App Store.[9] Developed by LeVar Burton and his company, RRKIDZ, the app allows children to read unlimited books, explore video field trips starring Burton, and earn rewards for reading. On the week of July 11, 2013, Reading Rainbow celebrated its 30th anniversary.[10]

In May 2014, a Kickstarter campaign was launched to raise funds to make the app available online and for Android, game consoles, smartphones, and other streaming devices along with creating a classroom version with the subscription fee waived for up to 13,000 disadvantaged classrooms. The effort met its initial fundraising goal of $1,000,000 in 11 hours,[11] and ended a few days later at $5,408,916 from 105,857 backers.[12] This campaign led to the launch of Skybrary by Reading Rainbow, a web-based expansion of the Reading Rainbow app experience.[13]

Due to a legal dispute, licensing of the Reading Rainbow brand was revoked from RRKidz in October 2017, and all its platforms (including Skybrary) were rebranded to LeVar Burton Kids.[14][15]

An interactive revival titled Reading Rainbow Live debuted on Looped in March 2022.[16]

Overview

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Format

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Reading Rainbow was hosted by actor and executive producer LeVar Burton,[17] who was then known for his role in Roots. The show was produced first by Lancit Media Entertainment (1983–2001), and later On-Screen Entertainment (2002–2006). Every episode featured a different children's picture book, often narrated by a celebrity. The featured story's illustrations were scanned by the camera in a technique known as "iconographic animation" of each page shown in succession, although on certain occasions the shots would be animated.[18]

After the featured story, Burton visited many places relating to the episode's theme, often featuring interviews with guests. A notable example is the season 6 premiere episode, which featured the book The Bionic Bunny Show by Marc Brown and his wife Laurene, and included a behind-the-scenes look at the TV series Star Trek: The Next Generation, in which Burton was a main cast member.

The last segment of each show, called Book Reviews, began with Burton's introductory catchphrase, "But you don't have to take my word for it," and featured children giving capsule reviews of books they liked. At the end of almost every episode, Burton signed off by telling the audience "I'll see you next time", with a review of the books featured in that episode beginning in season 2.

The series' pilot, which was created and produced in 1981 and aired as the show's 8th episode in 1983, featured the book Gila Monsters Meet You at the Airport by Marjorie Weinman Sharmat and was narrated by Doug Parvin. Producer Larry Lancit's daughters, Shaune and Caitlin, were often featured in the series, notably as the children thanking the sponsors at the beginning and end of the show.[5]

Theme song and opening sequence

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"Reading Rainbow Theme song"
Sample of "Reading Rainbow Theme Song"
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The show's theme song was written by Steve Horelick, Dennis Neil Kleinman, and Janet Weir; the former also served as the series' music director and composer for all 155 episodes and received an Emmy nomination in 2007 for his work on the series.[19] Over the show's 23-year run, it went through three different versions of the theme song. The original theme (used from 1983 to 1999) was performed by Tina Fabrique and featured one of the first uses of the Buchla synthesizer in a TV theme song. The original opening sequence, which consisted of an animated butterfly transforming the surroundings of young children reading books into animated fantasy lands, was used until January 1, 1999. The introductory animation was produced by Ovation Films, Inc. and designed and animated by Bill Davis. Some episodes (from 1983 through 1999) had the end credits having the full version of the 1983-1999 theme song (sung by the same singer—Tina Fabrique) --with some episodes (with the said song) repeating two or three times.

On January 4, 1999, episodes began using a new live-action opening sequence and featured CGI in a new space-themed world, with a new arrangement of the original song by Steve Horelick and performed by Johnny Kemp. A third intro was used starting on May 8, 2000, with a rerecorded version and the original lyrics performed by R&B artist Chaka Khan. This opening sequence is mostly the same as the second one, but features footage of Burton in place of some of the animated elements.[5]

Later years

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Original production of the series was to have ended after April 4, 2005, with the show continuing to air in reruns, but Burton said on February 7, 2006, that five new episodes of the show would be shot the same year despite the continuing financial issues of PBS.[20] The show aired its final original episode on November 10, 2006, and continued to air reruns until August 28, 2009.[21]

Not only was PBS unable to secure enough funds to cover the costs associated with renewing broadcast rights and continuing reruns, the show's core philosophy was challenged as well. Reading Rainbow prominently featured published books throughout each episode, and licensing those books to be read aloud on the air was costly—an expensive move that producing station WNED decided not to make.[22][23] Prior to the cancellation, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the U.S. Department of Education provided funds for the production of Reading Rainbow and a number of other PBS children's series throughout the early 2000s. The "Ready to Learn" grant was d[24]esigned for television programming that encourage early childhood learning and development.[25] However, under the No Child Left Behind Act, this grant was focused much more narrowly toward programs that teach literacy skills, phonics, and spelling after 2005. Since Reading Rainbow was originally developed upon fostering a love of reading books, and not necessarily developing reading skills, the funding was redirected toward other programs, and led to the launch of new skills-based programming, like Super Why!, WordWorld, and a reboot of The Electric Company.[26][27]

Reboot

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Announcement and early developments (2010–2014)

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Former executive producer LeVar Burton announced on his Twitter feed on March 19, 2010, that "Reading Rainbow 2.0 is in the works."[28] In 2011, WNED, the PBS affiliate in Buffalo, New York that owns the Reading Rainbow brand, licensed rights to the brand to Burton and his company, RRKidz. On March 4, 2012, he announced that it was the "last day of shooting before launch!"[29]

On June 13, 2012, in a special presentation at Apple Inc's annual World Wide Developers Conference, Burton and his business partner, Mark Wolfe, introduced the new Reading Rainbow iPad App.[30] It became available in Apple's iTunes Store on June 20, 2012, and within 36 hours was the #1 educational app. In January 2014, the Reading Rainbow App surpassed 10M books read and video field trips watched by children in 18 months.

Kickstarter revival campaign and aftermath (2014–22)

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On May 28, 2014, LeVar Burton started a Kickstarter fund to revive the show and materials. In under 12 hours the show had reached its $1 million goal. The new goal was to create an educational version for schools to use, free of cost to those schools in need, and help America get back to high literacy rates. They are also going to create a website for students to use to assist them with learning how to read. The following day, May 29, 2014, they reached $2 million (double their goal) at 1:15 pm. PST.[31] The campaign raised $5,408,916 on Kickstarter with another $1 million from Family Guy creator/animator Seth MacFarlane and $70,000 raised via direct contributions. The grand total was $6,478,916.

With 105,857 backers, the campaign holds Kickstarter's record for most backers and is the 8th highest amount raised on Kickstarter (as of June 1, 2015).[32]

The first product of the Kickstarter campaign was Skybrary by Reading Rainbow. Launched in May 2015, it was a web based subscription service that duplicated the Reading Rainbow app experience. In addition to narrating many of the books, Burton hosted video fieldtrips which connected kids to real world experiences at places like NASA HQ and Niagara Falls.[13]

In March 2016, RRKidz launched a new online educational service called Reading Rainbow Skybrary for Schools, which followed the same mission of the television series, while expanding to integrate into classroom curriculums.[33]

In August 2017, WNED filed a wide-ranging lawsuit against Burton and RRKidz that demanded Burton's company hand over administrative access to other websites and social media accounts. The lawsuit also sought to enjoin Burton from using the Reading Rainbow catchphrase, "But you don't have to take my word for it," on his podcast.[34]

In October 2017, WNED and RRKidz settled out of court. While the exact terms were confidential, the result was that RRKidz was no longer a licensee of the Reading Rainbow brand. RRKidz was rebranded LeVar Burton Kids and its services (including Skybrary) removed references to Reading Rainbow. In addition, Burton was allowed to continue using the Reading Rainbow catchphrase.[14] Visiting the official Reading Rainbow website provided a page that stated "Recent legal disputes between WNED and LeVar Burton/RRKIDZ have been resolved and RRKIDZ no longer licenses the Reading Rainbow brand from WNED. WNED is currently working on the next chapter of Reading Rainbow and will continue its mission of fostering education for a new generation."[35]

WNED announced in November 2018 that research and development had begun on a new Reading Rainbow program thanks to a $200,000 grant from The John R. Oishei Foundation.[36]

Skybrary was acquired by Reading is Fundamental in March 2019.[37]

In December 2021, it was announced that the show would be revived as Reading Rainbow Live, an interactive version featuring multiple hosts, dubbed "The Rainbows". The series debuted on Looped on March 6, 2022.[38][39]

Accolades

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Main article: List of accolades received by Reading Rainbow

Animation producers

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Feature Book filming

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The photographing of the Feature Book segments was by:

  • Centron Films (1983–1987; renamed in 1986 to "Centron Productions Inc.")
  • Loren Dolezal (1988–1998; renamed in 1995 to "Dolezal Animation"); Take Ten Animation teamed up with Dolezal from 1995 to 1998.
  • On Screen Entertainment (2000–2006)
  • Roger Holden, designer of the digital animation photography system used by Centron Films to film the Feature Book segments (1983–87)

Guest readers and contributors

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Writing and illustrating contest

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Main article: PBS Kids Writers Contest

In 1995, the creators launched the first contest called "Reading Rainbow Young Writers and Illustrators Contest". The annual writing and illustrating competition for children grades K through 3 continued until 2009 when it was relaunched as "PBS Kids Go! Writers Contest". It was renamed to the PBS Kids Writers Contest in 2014.

References

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  1. ^ a b O'Connor, John J. (July 11, 1983). "TV:'READING RAINBOW,' NEW SERIES". The New York Times. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Celebrating 60 Years: WNED PBS Marks its 60th Anniversary". Buffalo Toronto Public Media. March 30, 2019. Retrieved January 21, 2024. July 11, 1983 was the birth of one of WNED PBS's most decorated series, "Reading Rainbow".
  3. ^ a b "'Reading Rainbow' Reaches Its Final Chapter". NPR.org. NPR. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
  4. ^ "LeVar Burton Is Sued in Reading Rainbow Copyright Dispute — But You Don't Have to Take Our Word for It". People. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d "Reading Rainbow". Reading Rainbow. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
  6. ^ "Reading Rainbow and the Importance of Early Literacy". Children's Literacy Initiative. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
  7. ^ "Reading Rainbow Awards". IMDb.com. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
  8. ^ Rossen, Jake (May 19, 2017). "Take a Look: An Oral History of Reading Rainbow". mentalfoss.com. Mental Floss. Retrieved December 29, 2021. [Tony] Buttino: An intern at WNED came up with the name Reading Rainbow.
  9. ^ Kozlowski, Michael (June 27, 2012). "Interview with Levar Burton on the Reading Rainbow iPad App". Good E-Reader. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
  10. ^ "Celebrations!". Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
  11. ^ "LeVar Burton on Reading Rainbow's Kickstarter and the Love of Reading". Forbes. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
  12. ^ Project Updates. Kickstarter. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  13. ^ a b "Reading Rainbow soars online as Skybrary". USA Today. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  14. ^ a b "Hooray, LeVar Burton Is Now Legally Allowed to Use His Reading Rainbow Catchphrase". Vulture. October 19, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  15. ^ Raphel, Adrienne (June 24, 2014). "The Limits of Reading Rainbow". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
  16. ^ "'Reading Rainbow' is getting a reboot but without LeVar Burton".
  17. ^ Jones, Fred (May 19, 1999). "Learning to Read the Rainbow". Tacoma Herald.
  18. ^ Taylor, Jonathan (July 11, 2023). "How an untested, cash-strapped TV show about books became an American classic". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
  19. ^ Reading Rainbow Theme Song, January 1, 1997, retrieved October 27, 2024
  20. ^ "TrekToday - Burton Talks Drama, Diversity, Respect & 'Reading Rainbow'". October 3, 2021.
  21. ^ "'Butterfly in the Sky' review: LeVar Burton soars in 'Reading Rainbow' doc". Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
  22. ^ "LeVar Burton: Criticism Of Reading Rainbow Is 'Bullsh*t'". Think Progress. June 4, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2023.
  23. ^ "'Reading Rainbow' Was Canceled After 26 Years Due to This Sad Reason". July 27, 2021. Retrieved January 29, 2023.
  24. ^ Klein, Alyson (April 11, 2015). "No Child Left Behind: An Overview". Education Week. ISSN 0277-4232. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
  25. ^ "Ready To Learn". www.cpb.org. June 26, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
  26. ^ "About the Ready to Learn Grant". Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2023.
  27. ^ Klein, Alyson (April 11, 2015). "No Child Left Behind: An Overview". Education Week. ISSN 0277-4232. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
  28. ^ Burton, LeVar (March 19, 2010). "You heard it here first... Reading Rainbow 2.0 is in th works! Stay tuned for more info. But, you don't have to..."
  29. ^ Burton, LeVar (March 4, 2012). "Last day of shooting before launch! #readingrainbow #relaunch #excitedashell".
  30. ^ Rastogi, Anurag. "Lunch with LeVar Burton". www.newgenapps.com.
  31. ^ "Bring Reading Rainbow Back for Every Child, Everywhere!". Kickstarter.
  32. ^ Discover Projects >> Most Funded – Kickstarter. Retrieved June 10, 2015
  33. ^ "Reading Rainbow Launches Digital Library for Elementary Schools -". THE Journal.
  34. ^ "'Reading Rainbow' Owner Accuses LeVar Burton of "Theft and Extortion" in Lawsuit". The Hollywood Reporter. August 7, 2017.
  35. ^ "Reading Rainbow". WNED. Archived from the original on October 22, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  36. ^ "Reading Rainbow". WNED. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  37. ^ "RIF Announcement". Skybrary. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  38. ^ Maas, Jennifer (December 7, 2021). "Reading Rainbow Revival 'Reading Rainbow Live' to Debut in 2022 With Multiple Hosts". TheWrap. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
  39. ^ ""Reading Rainbow" to Return This Weekend As an Interactive Streaming Program: "I Think It's Been a Long Time Coming"". CBS News. March 4, 2022. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
  1. ^ Reading Rainbow has since been surpassed in longevity by Arthur as of 2020.
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